I-China bekuyi-irobhothi lezimboni elikhulu kunawo wonke emhlabeniemakethe iminyaka eminingana. Lokhu kungenxa yenhlanganisela yezinto, okuhlanganisa isizinda esikhulu sokukhiqiza sezwe, ukukhuphuka kwezindleko zabasebenzi, nokusekelwa kukahulumeni kwemishini ezenzakalelayo.
Amarobhothi ezimboni ayingxenye ebalulekile yokukhiqiza yesimanje. Le mishini yakhelwe ukwenza imisebenzi ephindaphindwayo ngokushesha nangokunembile, okuyenza ilungele ukusetshenziswa ezimbonini nakwezinye izindawo zokukhiqiza. Eminyakeni yamuva nje, ukusetshenziswa kwamarobhothi ezimboni kukhule ngokushesha ngenxa yezinto ezimbalwa, okuhlanganisa ukukhuphuka kwezindleko zabasebenzi, ukwanda kwesidingo sezimpahla ezisezingeni eliphezulu, kanye nokuthuthuka kwezobuchwepheshe.
Ukukhula kwamarobhothi ezimboni eChina kwaqala ekuqaleni kwawo-2000. Ngaleso sikhathi, izwe lalikhula ngamandla umnotho, futhi umkhakha walo wezokukhiqiza wawukhula ngokushesha. Kodwa-ke, njengoba izindleko zabasebenzi zanda, abakhiqizi abaningi baqala ukufuna izindlela zokwenza izinqubo zabo zokukhiqiza ngokuzenzakalelayo.
Esinye sezizathu eziyinhloko ezenza iChina ibe imakethe yamarobhothi yezimboni enkulu kunazo zonke emhlabeni isizinda sayo esikhulu sokukhiqiza. Njengoba inabantu abangaphezu kwezigidigidi eziyi-1.4, iChina inenqwaba yabasebenzi abatholakalayo ukuze benze imisebenzi yokukhiqiza. Nokho, njengoba izwe liye lathuthuka, izindleko zezisebenzi ziye zanda, futhi abakhiqizi baye babheka izindlela zokuthuthukisa ukusebenza kahle nokunciphisa izindleko.
Esinye isizathu sokukhula kweamarobhothi ezimbonie-China ukwesekwa kukahulumeni kwemishini ezenzakalelayo. Eminyakeni yamuva nje, uhulumeni wethule izinhlelo eziningi zokukhuthaza ukusetshenziswa kwamarobhothi ezimbonini zokukhiqiza. Lokhu kufaka phakathi izinxephezelo zentela zezinkampani ezitshala imali kumarobhothi, uxhaso lokucwaninga nokuthuthukiswa, kanye nokuxhaswa ngezimali kokuqalwa kwamarobhothi.
Ukukhuphuka kweChina njengomholi kuamarobhothi ezimboniibishesha. Ngo-2013, izwe labalelwa ku-15% kuphela wokuthengiswa kwamarobhothi emhlabeni jikelele. Ngo-2018, leso sibalo sase senyuke safinyelela ku-36%, okwenza iChina ibe imakethe enkulu kunazo zonke yamarobhothi ezimboni emhlabeni. Ngo-2022, kulindeleke ukuthi i-China ibe namarobhothi ezimboni angaphezu kwesigidi esi-1 afakiwe.
Ukukhula kwemakethe yamarobhothi ezimboni yaseChina akuzange kube nezinselelo, nokho. Enye yezinselelo ezinkulu ezibhekene nemboni ukushoda kwabasebenzi abanamakhono okusebenza nokugcina amarobhothi. Ngenxa yalokho, izinkampani eziningi kuye kwadingeka ukuthi zitshale izimali ezinhlelweni zokuqeqesha ukuze zithuthukise amakhono adingekayo.
Enye inselelo ebhekene nale mboni wudaba lokwebiwa kwempahla yengqondo. Ezinye izinkampani zaseChina zisolwe ngokweba ubuchwepheshe bezinkampani zakwamanye amazwe ezincintisana nazo, osekuholele ekutheni kube nokungezwani kwamanye amazwe. Kodwa-ke, uhulumeni waseShayina uthathe izinyathelo zokubhekana nalolu daba, okuhlanganisa nokuqiniswa okuqinile kwemithetho yempahla yengqondo.
Naphezu kwalezi zinselelo, ikusasa libukeka liqhakazileImakethe yamarobhothi yezimboni yaseChina. Ngokuthuthuka okusha kwezobuchwepheshe, njengobuhlakani bokwenziwa kanye nokuxhumana kwe-5G, amarobhothi ezimboni aba namandla futhi asebenza kahle kakhulu. Njengoba umkhakha wezokukhiqiza eChina uqhubeka nokukhula, kungenzeka ukuthi isidingo samarobhothi ezimboni sizokhula kuphela.
I-China isiphenduke imakethe yamarobhothi ezimboni enkulu kunazo zonke emhlabeni ngenxa yenhlanganisela yezinto, okuhlanganisa isizinda sayo esikhulu sokukhiqiza, ukukhuphuka kwezindleko zabasebenzi, nokusekelwa kukahulumeni kokuzenzakalelayo. Nakuba kunezinselelo ezibhekene nale mboni, ikusasa libukeka liqhakazile, futhi iChina ikulungele ukuhlala ihola kumarobhothi ezimboni eminyakeni ezayo.
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Isikhathi sokuthumela: Aug-14-2024
