Ukufafaza kweqhwa okomile kanye nokufafaza okushisayoizindlela ezivamile zokufafaza ezisetshenziswa kakhulu emikhakheni eminingi yezimboni. Yize zombili zibandakanya izinto zokumboza ngaphezulu, kunomehluko obalulekile ezimisweni, ukusetshenziswa, kanye nemiphumela yokufafazwa kweqhwa elomile kanye nokufuthwa okushisayo. Kulesi sihloko, sizohlola umehluko phakathi kokufafaza kweqhwa elomile kanye nokufutha okushisayo.
Okokuqala, ake sifunde ngokufafaza kweqhwa elomile. Ukufafaza kweqhwa okomile kuyindlela esebenzisa izinhlayiya zeqhwa ezomile ukuziphuthumisa ngesivinini esikhulu futhi zifuthwe endaweni emboziwe. Iqhwa elomile liyi-carbon dioxide eqinile, ngakho-ke lidlula i-sublimation ngesikhathiukudwebainqubo, ukuguqulwa ngokuqondile kusuka esimweni esiqinile kuya ku-aigesiisimo ngaphandle kokukhiqiza uketshezi. Le nqubo ekhethekile inikeza iqhwa elomile ngokufafaza izinzuzo eziyingqayizivele ezinhlelweni eziningi.
Isici esiphawulekayo sokufafaza kweqhwa elomile ukuthi aligqwali. Izinhlayiya zeqhwa ezomile zizoshintsha ngokuqondile zibe igesi ngesikhathi sokufafaza, zingashiyi nsalela phezulu. Lokhu kwenza ukufafaza kweqhwa okomile kube ukukhetha okuhle kokuhlanza izindawo, ikakhulukazi uma kuziwa ezintweni ezibucayi noma izinto zikagesi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, njengoba ukufafaza kweqhwa elomile akudingi ukusetshenziswa kwamakhemikhali amakhemikhali noma ama-ejenti okuhlanza, futhi kuyindlela yokufafaza ehambisana nemvelo.
Ukufafaza kweqhwa elomile nakho kunezici ezisezingeni eliphansi lokushisa. Phakathi nenqubo yokufafaza, izinhlayiya zeqhwa ezomile zimunca ukushisa futhi zehlise ngokushesha izinga lokushisa elingaphezulu. Lokhu kwenza ukufafaza kweqhwa elomile kube wusizo kakhulu ezinhlelweni ezithile ezithile, njengokucutshungulwa kokudla okuqandisiwe, imboni eyenza imithi, kanye nomkhakha we-aerospace. Ngokulawula isikhathi nesivinini sokufafaza kweqhwa elomile, amazinga ahlukene wemiphumela yokupholisa angafinyelelwa.
Uma kuqhathaniswaukufutha kweqhwa elomile, ukufutha okushisayo kuwubuchwepheshe obufutha izinto ezincibilikisiwe noma ezincibilike kancane endaweni eboshwe ngesivinini esikhulu. Le ndlela yokufafaza ngokuvamile isebenzisa imithombo yokushisa efana namalangabi, ama-arcs e-plasma, noma imishayo ye-electron ukushisa nokuncibilikisa izinto zokumboza. Isici esiyinhloko sokufafaza okushisayo ukuthi singakha isendlalelo esiqinile nesiqinile sokuzivikela ebusweni, futhi sinikeze ukumelana okuhle kakhulu kokugqoka, ukumelana nokugqwala, nokumelana nokushisa okuphezulu.
Kunezinhlobo ezehlukene zamasu okufafaza okushisayo, okuhlanganisa ukufutha ngelangabi, ukufutha nge-plasma, nokufutha nge-arc. Ukufafaza ngelangabi kuwuhlobo oluvame kakhulu, olusebenzisa amalangabi ukushisa izinto zokumboza, ukuncibilikisa, bese uwafutha endaweni emboziwe. Ukufafaza kwe-Plasma kusebenzisa i-plasma arc ukushisa izinto zokumboza, futhi izinga lokushisa eliphezulu elikhiqizwa i-arc liyayincibilikisa bese liyifafaza phezulu. Lezi zindlela zokufafaza ezishisayo ngokuvamile zidinga ukusetshenziswa kwezibhamu zokufafaza ezengeziwe noma imishini yokufafaza amalangabi.
Enye yezinzuzo eziyinhloko zokufafaza okushisayo ukunamathela kwayo okuqinile kokunamathela. Izinto zokumboza ezincibilikisiwe zihlangana ngokushesha nendawo ngesikhathi senqubo yokufafaza futhi zakha isakhiwo esiqinile. Lokhu kunamathela okuhle kakhulu kwenza ukufafaza okushisayo kusetshenziswe kabanzi ezinhlelweni ezidinga ukumelana nokugqokwa, ukumelana nokugqwala, noma ukumelana nokushisa okuphezulu, okufana ne-aerospace, amandla, izimoto, nezimboni zokukhiqiza.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukufafaza okushisayo kungahlinzeka ngezinketho ezihlukahlukene zezinto zokugqoka. Ngokwezidingo zohlelo lokusebenza, izinhlobo ezahlukene zezinto ezifana nezinsimbi, i-ceramics, ama-polymers, njll. zingakhethwa ukuze zifafazwe. Lokhu kwehlukahlukana kwenza isifutho esishisayo silungele ukuvikelwa okuhlukahlukene kwendawo kanye nezidingo zokuthuthukisa ukusebenza.
Nokho, uma kuqhathaniswaUkufafaza kweqhwa okomile, ukufafaza okushisayofuthi inokulinganiselwa nokushiyeka okuthile. Okokuqala, inqubo yokufafaza okushisayo idinga ukushisa okuphezulu kanye nokufakwa kwamandla, okungase kuholele ekwandiseni indawo ethintekile ekushiseni endaweni eboshwe. Kwezinye izimo, lokhu kungase kube nemiphumela emibi ekusebenzeni nasekwakhekeni kwe-substrate.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ijubane lokufafaza lokufafaza okushisayo lihamba kancane. Ngenxa yesidingo sokushisa nokuncibilika kwezinto zokugqoka, kanye nokuqinisekisa ukunamathela okuhle, isivinini sokufafaza sokufafaza okushisayo ngokuvamile siphansi. Lokhu kungase kube kubi kwezinhlelo zokusebenza ezidinga ukukhiqizwa okuphumelelayo kanye nokunameka okusheshayo.
Kafushane, kunomehluko omkhulu ezimisweni nasekusetshenzisweni phakathi kokufafaza kweqhwa elomile nokufutha okushisayo. Ukufafaza kweqhwa okomile kuwubuchwepheshe bokufafaza obungoni, obusezingeni eliphansi obungahlanza amathuluzi azwelayo kanye nemishini kagesi, futhi budlala indima ekucubunguleni ukudla okuqandisiwe, imboni yemithi, neminye imikhakha. Izinzuzo zayo ziwukuthi azikho izinsalela, ubungane bemvelo, nezici zokushisa eziphansi.
Ngokuphambene, ukufutha okushisayo kuyindlela yokufafaza esebenzisa ukuncibilika kwezinga lokushisa okuphezulu kwezinto zokumboza ukuze kwakhe ungqimba oluqinile noluqinile lokuvikela. Inikeza ukumelana nokugqokwa okuhle kakhulu, ukumelana nokugqwala, nokumelana nezinga lokushisa eliphezulu, kulungele izinkambu ezifana ne-aerospace, amandla, kanye nokukhiqiza.
Kodwa-ke, ububi bokufutha okushisayo ukuthi imiphumela yokushisa ekhiqizwa phakathi nenqubo yokufafaza ingase ibe nomthelela omubi ku-substrate, futhi isivinini sokufafaza sihamba kancane. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ukufafaza kweqhwa elomile akunayo imiphumela yokushisa futhi isivinini sokufafaza siyashesha.
Ukufingqa, kokubili ukufafaza kweqhwa elomile kanye nokufutha okushisayo kuyizindlela ezibalulekile zokufafaza ezidlala izindima ezihlukene emikhakheni ehlukene.Ukufafaza kweqhwa okomileilungele izinhlelo zokusebenza ezidinga izinsalela eziphezulu zamahhala, ukuhlanzwa kwezinga lokushisa eliphansi, nokuvikelwa kwemvelo, kuyilapho ukufuthwa okushisayo kulungele izinkambu ezidinga ukumelana nokugqoka okuphezulu, ukumelana nokugqwala, nokusebenza kwezinga lokushisa eliphezulu.
Noma ngabe ukhetha isifutho seqhwa esomile noma isifutho esishisayo, izinqumo zidinga ukwenziwa ngokuya ngezidingo ezithile zohlelo, izici ezibonakalayo, nemiphumela elindelekile. Ukuthuthukiswa kanye nokusetshenziswa kwalezi zindlela zobuchwepheshe zokufafaza kuzoqhubeka nokuqhuba inqubekelaphambili kanye nokusungula izinto ezintsha ezimbonini ezihlukahlukene.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: May-17-2024
