Izimbazo eziyisithupha zeamarobhothi ezimbonibheka amalunga ayisithupha erobhothi, avumela irobhothi ukuthi lihambe ngokuguquguqukayo endaweni enezinhlangothi ezintathu. Lawa malungu ayisithupha ngokuvamile ahlanganisa isisekelo, ihlombe, indololwane, isihlakala, kanye nesiphetho somphumela. Lawa malungu angaqhutshwa ama-motor kagesi ukuze afinyelele ama-trajectories ahlukahlukene ayinkimbinkimbi futhi aqedele imisebenzi ehlukahlukene.
Amarobhothi ezimboniziwuhlobo lwemishini ezishintshayo esetshenziswa kabanzi embonini yokukhiqiza. Ivamise ukwakhiwa ngamajoyinti ayisithupha, abizwa ngokuthi "izimbazo" futhi angakwazi ukuhamba ngokuzimela ukuze azuze ukulawula okunembile kwento. Ngezansi, sizonikeza isingeniso esinemininingwane salezi zimbazo eziyisithupha kanye nezicelo zazo, ubuchwepheshe, namathrendi entuthuko.
1. Ubuchwepheshe
1. I-eksisi yokuqala:I-Base Rotation Axis I-eksisi yokuqala iyilunga elizungezayo elixhumanisa isisekelo serobhothi phansi. Ingakwazi ukuzungezisa irobhothi mahhala okungu-360 degree endizeni evundlile, ivumele irobhothi ukuthi lihambise izinto noma lenze eminye imisebenzi ezindaweni ezihlukene. Lo mklamo wenza irobhothi likwazi ukulungisa kalula indawo yalo emkhathini futhi lithuthukise ukusebenza kahle kwalo.
2. I-eksisi yesibili:I-Waist Rotation Axis I-eksisi yesibili iphakathi kokhalo nehlombe lerobhothi, futhi ingakwazi ukuzungezisa ngokuqondana nendawo yokuqala ye-eksisi. Le eksisi ivumela irobhothi ukuthi lijikeleze endizeni evundlile ngaphandle kokushintsha ubude bayo, ngaleyo ndlela yandise ibanga layo lokusebenza. Isibonelo, irobhothi eline-eksisi yesibili lingakwazi ukuhambisa izinto ukusuka kolunye uhlangothi ukuya kolunye kuyilapho ligcine ukuma kwengalo.
3. I-eksisi yesithathu:I-Shoulder Pitch Axis I-eksisi yesithathu itholakala ehlombe leirobhothifuthi ingaphenduka iqonde phezulu. Ngale eksisi, irobhothi lingakwazi ukufeza izinguquko ze-engeli phakathi kwengalo nengalo engenhla ukuze lisebenze ngokunembayo ezimeni zomsebenzi ezihlukene. Ngaphezu kwalokho, le eksisi ingasiza irobhothi ukuthi liqedele ukunyakaza okuthile okudinga ukunyakaza okuya phezulu naphansi, njengamabhokisi anyakazayo.
4. I-eksisi yesine:I-Elbow Flexion/Extension Axis I-eksisi yesine itholakala endololwaneni yerobhothi futhi ingakwazi ukuzuza ukunyakaza okunwebekayo kuya phambili nangemuva. Lokhu kuvumela irobhothi ukuthi lenze ukubamba, ukubeka, noma eminye imisebenzi njengoba kudingeka. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, le eksisi ingakwazi futhi ukusiza irobhothi ekuqedeni imisebenzi edinga ukujikela emuva naphambili, njengokufaka izingxenye emugqeni womhlangano.
5. I-eksisi yesihlanu:I-eksisi Yokuzungezisa Isihlakala I-eksisi yesihlanu itholakala engxenyeni yesihlakala yerobhothi futhi ingazungeza umugqa ophakathi nendawo. Lokhu kuvumela amarobhothi ukuthi alungise i-engeli yamathuluzi esandla ngokuhamba kwezihlakala zawo, ngaleyo ndlela azuze izindlela zokusebenza ezivumelana nezimo. Isibonelo, ngesikhathi sokushisela, irobhothi lingasebenzisa le eksisi ukulungisa i-angle yesibhamu sokushisela ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nezidingo ezahlukene zokushisela.
6. I-eksisi yesithupha:I-Hand Roll Axis I-eksisi yesithupha nayo itholakala esihlakaleni serobhothi, okuvumela isenzo sokugingqika samathuluzi esandla. Lokhu kusho ukuthi amarobhothi awakwazi nje kuphela ukubamba izinto ngokuvula nokuvala iminwe yawo, kodwa futhi asebenzise ukugoqa izandla ukuze azuze ukuthinta okuyinkimbinkimbi. Isibonelo, esimweni lapho izikulufi zidinga ukuqiniswa, i-irobhothibangasebenzisa le eksisi ukuze baqedele umsebenzi wokuqinisa nokukhulula izikulufu.
2. Isicelo
1. Ukushisela:Amarobhothi ezimboniasetshenziswa kabanzi emkhakheni wokushisela futhi angaqedela imisebenzi ehlukahlukene eyinkimbinkimbi yokushisela. Isibonelo, ukushisela imizimba yemoto, ukushisela imikhumbi, njll.
2. Ukuphatha: Amarobhothi ezimboni nawo asetshenziswa kabanzi emkhakheni wokuphatha, futhi angaqedela imisebenzi ehlukahlukene yokuphatha izinto. Isibonelo, ukuphathwa kwengxenye emigqeni yokuhlanganisa yezimoto, ukuphathwa kwempahla ezindaweni zokugcina impahla, njll.
3. Ukufafaza: Ukusetshenziswa kwamarobhothi ezimbonini endaweni yokufafaza kungafeza imisebenzi yokufafaza yekhwalithi ephezulu nephumelelayo. Isibonelo, ukudweba umzimba wemoto, ukudweba kwendawo yefenisha, njll.
4. Ukusika: Ukusetshenziswa kwamarobhothi ezimbonini emkhakheni wokusika kungafeza ukunemba okuphezulu kanye nokusebenza kokusika ngesivinini esikhulu. Isibonelo, ukusika insimbi, ukusika ipulasitiki, njll.
5. Umhlangano: Ukusetshenziswa kwamarobhothi ezimbonini emkhakheni wokuhlanganisa kungafeza imisebenzi yomhlangano ezenzakalelayo futhi eguquguqukayo. Isibonelo, ukuhlanganiswa komkhiqizo we-elekthronikhi, ukuhlanganiswa kwengxenye yezimoto, njll.
3, Amacala
Ukuthatha isicelo seamarobhothi ezimboniembonini yokukhiqiza izimoto njengesibonelo, chaza ukusetshenziswa kanye nezinzuzo zamarobhothi ezimboni anezimbazo eziyisithupha. Emgqeni wokukhiqiza wemboni yokukhiqiza izimoto, amarobhothi ezimboni asetshenziselwa ukuhlanganisa okuzenzakalelayo nokuphatha izingxenye zomzimba. Ngokulawula ukunyakaza kwe-axis eyisithupha yerobhothi, imisebenzi elandelayo ingafinyelelwa:
Ukuhambisa izingxenye zomzimba ukusuka endaweni yokugcina ukuya endaweni yokuhlangana;
Ukuhlanganisa ngokunembile izinhlobo ezahlukene zezingxenye ngokuvumelana nezidingo zenqubo;
Yenza ukuhlolwa kwekhwalithi ngesikhathi senqubo yokuhlanganisa ukuze uqinisekise ikhwalithi yomkhiqizo;
Beka futhi ugcine izingxenye zomzimba ezihlanganisiwe ukuze zicutshungulwe ngokulandelayo.
Ngokusebenzisa amarobhothi ezimboni ukuhlanganisa nokuhamba okuzenzakalelayo, imboni yokukhiqiza izimoto ingathuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kokukhiqiza, inciphise izindleko zabasebenzi, futhi ithuthukise ikhwalithi nokuphepha komkhiqizo. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ukusetshenziswa kwamarobhothi ezimboni kunganciphisa futhi ukwenzeka kwezingozi ezihlobene nomsebenzi kanye nezifo zasemsebenzini emigqeni yokukhiqiza.
Amarobhothi ezimboni, amarobhothi ahlangene amaningi, amarobhothi angama-scara, amarobhothi asebenzisanayo, amarobhothi afanayo, amarobhothi eselula,amarobhothi esevisi, amarobhothi okusabalalisa, amarobhothi ahlanzayo, amarobhothi ezokwelapha, amarobhothi ashanelayo, amarobhothi okufundisa, amarobhothi akhethekile, amarobhothi okuhlola, amarobhothi okwakha, amarobhothi ezolimo, amarobhothi anesine, amarobhothi angaphansi kwamanzi, izingxenye, izinciphisi, ama-servo motors, izilawuli, izinzwa, ukulungiswa
4. Intuthuko
1. Intelligence: Ngokuthuthukiswa kobuchwepheshe bobuhlakani bokwenziwa, amarobhothi ezimboni aqhubekela kubuhlakani. Amarobhothi ezimboni ezihlakaniphile angakwazi ukufeza imisebenzi efana nokufunda ngokuzibusa nokwenza izinqumo, ngaleyo ndlela azivumelanise kangcono nezimo zokukhiqiza eziyinkimbinkimbi nezihlala zishintsha.
2. Ukuvumelana nezimo: Ngokuhlukahluka kanye nokwenza kube ngokwakho izidingo zokukhiqiza, amarobhothi ezimboni athuthukela ekuguquguqukeni. Amarobhothi ezimboni eziguqukayo angafinyelela ukushintsha ngokushesha kwemisebenzi eminingi ukuze ahlangabezane nezidingo ezahlukene zokukhiqiza.
3. Ukuhlanganiswa: Ngomkhuba wokuhlanganiswa ezinhlelweni zokukhiqiza, amarobhothi ezimboni athuthukela ekuhlanganisweni. Amarobhothi ezimboni ahlanganisiwe angafinyelela ukuhlanganiswa okungenamthungo nezinye izinto zokukhiqiza, ngaleyo ndlela athuthukise ukusebenza kahle nokuzinza kwalo lonke uhlelo lokukhiqiza.
4. Ukusebenzisana: Ngokuthuthukiswa kobuchwepheshe bokubambisana komshini womuntu, amarobhothi ezimboni aqhubekela ekusebenzisaneni. Amarobhothi ezimboni ezisebenzisanayo angafinyelela ukubambisana okuphephile nabantu, ngaleyo ndlela ehlise ubungozi bokuphepha enqubweni yokukhiqiza.
Kafushane, ubuchwepheshe be-axis ayisithuphaamarobhothi ezimboniisetshenziswe kabanzi emikhakheni ehlukahlukene, idlala indima ebalulekile ekuthuthukiseni ukusebenza kahle kokukhiqiza, ukunciphisa izindleko zokukhiqiza, nokuqinisekisa ikhwalithi yomkhiqizo. Ngokuthuthuka okuqhubekayo kobuchwepheshe, amarobhothi ezimboni azothuthukela ekuhlakanipheni, ukuguquguquka, ukuhlanganiswa, nokusebenzisana, okuletha izinguquko ezinkulu ekukhiqizweni kwezimboni.
5, Izinselelo Namathuba
Izinselelo zobuchwepheshe: Nakuba ubuchwepheshe beamarobhothi ezimboniwenze inqubekelaphambili ebalulekile, basabhekene nezinselele zobuchwepheshe eziningi, njengokuthuthukisa ukunemba kokunyakaza kwamarobhothi, ukuzuza izindlela zokunyakaza eziyinkimbinkimbi, nokuthuthukisa ikhono lokubona lamarobhothi. Lezi zinselelo zobuchwepheshe zidinga ukunqotshwa ngocwaningo oluqhubekayo nokusungula izinto ezintsha.
Inselele yezindleko: Izindleko zamarobhothi ezimboni ziphezulu uma kuqhathaniswa, okuwumthwalo ongabekezeleki kumabhizinisi amaningi amancane naphakathi nendawo. Ngakho-ke, indlela yokunciphisa izindleko zamarobhothi ezimboni futhi uzenze zidume kakhulu futhi zisebenziseke kuyindaba ebalulekile ekuthuthukisweni kwamanje kwamarobhothi ezimboni.
Inselele yethalente: Ukuthuthukiswa kwamarobhothi ezimboni kudinga isibalo esikhulu samathalente angochwepheshe, okuhlanganisa nabasebenzi bocwaningo nentuthuko, opharetha, nabasebenzi abalungisayo. Kodwa-ke, ukushoda kwamathalente okukhona njengamanje emkhakheni wamarobhothi ezimboni kusekubi impela, okubeka isithiyo esithile ekuthuthukisweni kwamarobhothi ezimboni.
Inselele yezokuphepha: Ngokukhula kokusetshenziswa kwamarobhothi ezimboni emikhakheni ehlukahlukene, indlela yokuqinisekisa ukuphepha kwamarobhothi ohlelweni lokusebenza sekuyinkinga ephuthumayo okufanele ixazululwe. Lokhu kudinga ukucatshangelwa okuphelele kanye nokwenza ngcono ekwakhiweni, ekukhiqizeni nasekusetshenzisweni kwamarobhothi.
Ithuba: Nakuba amarobhothi ezimboni ebhekana nezinselelo eziningi, amathuba okuthuthukiswa kwawo asebanzi kakhulu. Ngokwethulwa kwemiqondo efana ne-Industrial 4.0 kanye nokukhiqiza ngobuhlakani, amarobhothi ezimboni azodlala indima ebaluleke kakhulu ekukhiqizweni kwezimboni esikhathini esizayo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngokuthuthukiswa kobuchwepheshe obufana nobuhlakani bokwenziwa kanye nedatha enkulu, amarobhothi ezimboni azoba nobuhlakani obunamandla nokuzivumelanisa nezimo, okuletha amathuba engeziwe okukhiqizwa kwezimboni.
Kafushane, ubuchwepheshe be-axis ayisithupha bamarobhothi ezimboni buye bazuza imiphumela ebalulekile emikhakheni ehlukahlukene yokusetshenziswa, okuletha izinguquko ezinkulu ekukhiqizweni kwezimboni. Kodwa-ke, ukuthuthukiswa kwamarobhothi ezimboni kusabhekene nezinselelo eziningi okudingeka zinqotshwe ngokuqhubeka nokusungula izinto ezintsha zobuchwepheshe kanye nokutshalwa kwethalente. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, amarobhothi ezimboni azophinde angenise amathuba entuthuko engeziwe, alethe amathuba engeziwe okukhiqizwa kwezimboni esikhathini esizayo.
6, irobhothi eksisi eziyisithupha zezimboni
Liyini irobhothi lemboni ye-eksisi eyisithupha? Isetshenziselwa ukuthini irobhothi lezimboni ze-axis eziyisithupha?
Amarobhothi e-axis ayisithupha asiza kwezobuhlakani bezimboni kanye nokuqamba okusha kuhola imboni yokukhiqiza yesikhathi esizayo.
A amarobhothi ayisithupha eksisi yezimboniiyithuluzi elivamile lokuzenzakalela elinezimbazo ezihlangene eziyisithupha, ngalinye elihlangene, elivumela irobhothi ukuthi lihambe ngezindlela ezihlukene, njengokuzungezisa, ukusonteka, njll. Lawa ma-eksisi ahlangene ahlanganisa: ukuzungezisa (S-axis), ingalo engezansi ( I-axis engu-L), ingalo engaphezulu (i-U-eksisi), ukuzungezisa isihlakala (i-axis R), ukushwiba isihlakala (i-axis B), nokuzungezisa isihlakala (i-T-eksisi).
Lolu hlobo lwerobhothi lunezici zokuguquguquka okuphezulu, umthwalo omkhulu, nokunemba kokuma okuphezulu, ngakho-ke lisetshenziswa kabanzi ekuhlanganiseni okuzenzakalelayo, ukudweba, ukuthutha, ukushisela, neminye imisebenzi. Isibonelo, imikhiqizo yamarobhothi e-axis eyisithupha ye-ABB inganikeza izixazululo ezifanele zezinhlelo zokusebenza ezifana nokubamba impahla, ukulayishwa komshini nokuthulula, ukushisela indawo, ukushisela i-arc, ukusika, ukuhlanganisa, ukuhlola, ukuhlola, ukunamathisela, ukugaya, nokupholisha.
Nokho, naphezu kwezinzuzo eziningi zamarobhothi ayisithupha eeksisi, kuphinde kube nezinselelo nezinkinga ezithile, njengokulawula indlela enyakazayo ye-eksisi ngayinye, ukuxhumanisa ukunyakaza phakathi kwe-eksisi ngayinye, nendlela yokuthuthukisa isivinini sokunyakaza kwerobhothi nokunemba. Lezi zinkinga zidinga ukunqotshwa ngokusungula izinto ezintsha zobuchwepheshe kanye nokwenza kahle.
Irobhothi le-axis eyisithupha ingalo yerobhothi ehlangene enezimbazo eziyisithupha ezijikelezayo, enenzuzo yokuba neziqu eziphakeme zenkululeko efana nesandla somuntu futhi ifaneleka cishe yonke indlela noma i-engeli yomsebenzi. Ngokumatanisa nemiphumela ehlukene yokuphela, amarobhothi e-axis ayisithupha angafaneleka ububanzi bezimo zohlelo ezifana nokulayisha, ukuthulula, ukudweba, ukwelashwa kwendawo, ukuhlola, ukulinganisa, ukushisela i-arc, ukushisela indawo, ukupakisha, ukuhlanganisa, amathuluzi omshini wokusika i-chip, ukulungiswa, ukusebenza komhlangano okhethekile, ukubumba, ukulingisa, njll.
Eminyakeni yamuva, ukusetshenziswa kwamarobhothi e-axis ayisithupha emkhakheni wezimboni kuye kwanda kancane kancane, ikakhulukazi ezimbonini ezifana nezamandla amasha kanye nezingxenye zezimoto. Ngokusho kwedatha ye-IFR, ukuthengiswa komhlaba wonke kwamarobhothi ezimboni kufinyelele ku-21.7 billion wamadola aseMelika ngo-2022, futhi kulindeleke ukuthi kufinyelele kuma-yuan ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingama-23 ngo-2024. Phakathi kwazo, ingxenye yokuthengiswa kwamarobhothi ezimbonini zaseShayina emhlabeni idlule ku-50%.
Amarobhothi e-eksisi ayisithupha angaphinde ahlukaniswe abe izimbazo ezinkulu eziyisithupha (>20KG) nezimbazo ezincane eziyisithupha (≤ 20KG) ngokuya ngosayizi womthwalo. Kusukela esilinganisweni sokukhula esiyinhlanganisela sokuthengiswa eminyakeni engu-5 edlule, i-axis enkulu eyisithupha (48.5%)>amarobhothi asebenzisanayo (39.8%)>ama-eksisi ayisithupha amancane (19.3%)>Amarobhothi e-SCRA (15.4%)>Amarobhothi e-Delta (8%) .
Izigaba eziyinhloko zamarobhothi ezimboni zihlanganisaamarobhothi e-eksisi ayisithupha, amarobhothi e-SCRA, amarobhothi e-Delta, namarobhothi asebenzisanayo. Imboni yamarobhothi e-axis eyisithupha ibonakala ngokunganele komthamo wokukhiqiza ophezulu kanye nomthamo oweqile ekugcineni okuphansi. Amarobhothi ezimboni ezizimele zezwe lethu ikakhulukazi ahlanganisa amarobhothi ama-eksisi amathathu nama-axis amane ahlanganisa amarobhothi ahlangene, anamarobhothi ahlangene ahlangene ayisithupha abala ngaphansi kuka-6% okuthengiswa ezweni lonke kwamarobhothi ezimboni.
Irobhothi lezimboni zomhlaba wonke i-Longhairnake libambe ngokuqinile isikhundla salo njengomholi wamarobhothi ezimboni zomhlaba jikelele ngokulawula kwalo kokugcina kobuchwepheshe besistimu ye-CNC. Engxenyeni enkulu ye-eksisi eyisithupha enezinga eliphansi lendawo kanye nemingcele ephezulu, abakhiqizi abaholayo basekhaya abafana no-Aston, i-Huichuan Technology, i-Everett, ne-Xinshida bahamba phambili, banesilinganiso esithile namandla obuchwepheshe.
Sekukonke, ukusetshenziswa kweamarobhothi e-eksisi ayisithuphaemkhakheni wezimboni ukhula kancane kancane futhi unamathemba amakethe abanzi.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Nov-24-2023
