Esikhathini sanamuhla esithuthuka ngokushesha sokuzenzakalela kwezimboni, amakhabethe okulawula amarobhothi adlala indima ebalulekile. Akuwona kuphela "ubuchopho" besistimu yerobhothi, kodwa futhi ixhuma izingxenye ezihlukahlukene, okwenza irobhothi likwazi ukuqedela ngokuphumelelayo nangokunembile imisebenzi ehlukahlukene eyinkimbinkimbi. Lesi sihloko sizocubungula zonke izingxenye ezibalulekile kanye nemisebenzi yazo kukhabhinethi yokulawula amarobhothi, esiza abafundi ukuba baqonde ngokugcwele imininingwane kanye nokusetshenziswa kwalolu hlelo olubalulekile.
1. Uhlolojikelele lweKhabhinethi Yokulawula Amarobhothi
Amakhabethe okulawula amarobhothi ngokuvamile asetshenziselwa ukulawula nokuqaphaamarobhothi ezimboni kanye nemishini ezishintshayo. Imisebenzi yabo eyinhloko ukuhlinzeka ngokusabalalisa amandla, ukucubungula amasignali, ukulawula, nokuxhumana. Ngokuvamile kuhlanganiswe izingxenye zikagesi, izingxenye zokulawula, izingxenye zokuvikela, nezingxenye zokuxhumana. Ukuqonda ukwakheka nomsebenzi wekhabhinethi yokulawula kungasiza ukuthuthukisa inqubo yokukhiqiza nokuthuthukisa ukusebenza kahle komsebenzi.
2. Isakhiwo esiyisisekelo sekhabhinethi yokulawula irobhothi
Isakhiwo esiyisisekelo sekhabhinethi yokulawula irobhothi ikakhulukazi sihlanganisa:
-Igobolondo: Ngokuvamile lenziwe ngezinto zensimbi noma zepulasitiki ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuqina nokusebenza kokushisa kokushisa kwekhabhinethi.
-Imojula yamandla: Ihlinzeka ngokunikezwa kwamandla okuzinzile futhi ingumthombo wamandla wekhabhinethi yokulawula yonke.
-Umlawuli: Ngokuvamile i-PLC (I-Programmable Logic Controller), enesibopho sokwenza izinhlelo zokulawula nokulungisa izenzo zerobhothi ngesikhathi sangempela ngokusekelwe kumpendulo yenzwa.
-Isixhumi esibonakalayo sokufaka/sokukhiphayo: Sebenzisa okokufaka kwesignali nokuphumayo, xhuma izinzwa ezihlukahlukene nama-actuator.
-Isixhumi esibonakalayo sokuxhumana: sisetshenziselwa ukushintshaniswa kwedatha ngekhompyutha ephezulu, isibonisi namanye amadivaysi.
3. Izingxenye eziyinhloko nemisebenzi yazo
3.1 Imojula yamandla
Imojula yamandla ingenye yezingxenye eziyinhloko zekhabhinethi yokulawula, enesibopho sokuguqula amandla amakhulu abe ama-voltage ahlukene adingwa uhlelo lokulawula. Ngokuvamile kufaka phakathi ama-transformer, ama-rectifiers, nezihlungi. Amamojula wamandla wekhwalithi ephezulu angaqinisekisa ukuthi isistimu igcina ukuqina kwe-voltage ngisho nalapho umthwalo ushintsha, ukuvimbela amaphutha abangelwa overvoltage yesikhashana noma undervoltage.
3.2 I-Programmable Logic Controller (PLC)
I-PLC "iwubuchopho" bekhabhinethi yokulawula irobhothi, engakwazi ukwenza imisebenzi enengqondo esethiwe ngokusekelwe kumasiginali okokufaka. Kunezilimi ezihlukahlukene zokuhlela ze-PLC, ezingavumelanisa nezimfuneko zokulawula ezihlukene. Ngokusebenzisa i-PLC, onjiniyela bangasebenzisa i-logic yokulawula eyinkimbinkimbi ukuze amarobhothi akwazi ukuphendula ngendlela efanele ezimeni ezahlukene.
3.3 Izinzwa
Izinzwa "zingamehlo" wezinhlelo zamarobhothi ezibona imvelo yangaphandle. Izinzwa ezijwayelekile zifaka:
-Izinzwa zokuma, njengezishintshi ze-photoelectric kanye nokushintsha kwe-proximity, zisetshenziselwa ukuthola isimo nesimo sokunyakaza kwezinto.
-Inzwa yokushisa: isetshenziselwa ukuqapha izinga lokushisa kwemishini noma imvelo, iqinisekisa ukuthi umshini usebenza ngaphakathi kwebanga eliphephile.
-Inzwa yokucindezela: isetshenziswa ikakhulukazi ezinhlelweni ze-hydraulic ukuqapha izinguquko zengcindezi ngesikhathi sangempela futhi igweme izingozi.
3.4 Izingxenye zokwenza
Izingxenye zokubulala zihlanganisa amamotho ahlukahlukene, amasilinda, njll., okuyisihluthulelo sokuqeda ukusebenza kwerobhothi. I-motor ikhiqiza ukunyakaza ngokulandela imiyalelo ye-PLC, okungaba yi-stepper motor, i-servo motor, njll. Banezici zejubane eliphezulu lokuphendula kanye nokulawula ukunemba okuphezulu, futhi bafanelekele imisebenzi ehlukahlukene yezimboni eziyinkimbinkimbi.
3.5 Izingxenye ezivikelayo
Izingxenye ezivikelayo ziqinisekisa ukusebenza okuphephile kwekhabhinethi yokulawula, ikakhulukazi okuhlanganisa ama-circuit breaker, ama-fuse, izivikeli ezilayisha ngokweqile, njll. Lezi zingxenye zinganqamula ukunikezwa kwamandla ngokushesha uma kwenzeka ukwehluleka kwamanje ngokweqile noma kwemishini, ukuvimbela ukulimala kwemishini noma izingozi zokuphepha ezifana imililo.
3.6 Imojula yokuxhumana
Imojula yokuxhumana inika amandla ukudluliswa kolwazi phakathi kwekhabhinethi yokulawula namanye amadivaysi. Isekela izimiso zokuxhumana eziningi ezifana ne-RS232, RS485, CAN, Ethernet, njll., iqinisekisa ukuxhumana okungenazihibe phakathi kwamadivayisi emikhiqizo ehlukene noma amamodeli kanye nokuzuza ukwabelana kwedatha kwesikhathi sangempela.
4. Ungakhetha kanjani ikhabethe elifanele lokulawula irobhothi
Ukukhethwa kwekhabhinethi efanelekile yokulawula irobhothi ikakhulukazi kubheka izici ezilandelayo:
-Indawo yokusebenza: Khetha izinto ezifanele kanye namazinga okuvikela asekelwe endaweni yokusetshenziswa ukuze uvimbele uthuli, amanzi, ukugqwala, njll.
-Umthamo wokulayisha: Khetha amamojula wamandla omthamo afanelekile kanye nezingxenye zokuzivikela ezisekelwe ezidingweni zamandla zesistimu yerobhothi.
-Scalability: Uma ucabangela izidingo zentuthuko yesikhathi esizayo, khetha aciKhabhinethi yokulawula enezindawo ezinhle zokunwebanamamojula anemisebenzi eminingi.
-Isevisi yebhrendi kanye nangemva kokuthengisa: Khetha uhlobo oludumile ukuze uqinisekise ukwesekwa kobuchwepheshe okulandelayo kanye nesiqinisekiso sesevisi.
isifinyezo
Njengengxenye eyinhloko ye-automation yezimboni yesimanje, ikhabethe lokulawula amarobhothi lihlobene eduze nezingxenye zalo zangaphakathi nemisebenzi. Yizo kanye lezi zingxenye ezisebenza ndawonye ezenza amarobhothi abe nezici ezihlakaniphile nezisebenza kahle. Ngethemba ukuthi ngalokhu kuhlaziya okujulile, singathola ukuqonda okunembile kokubunjwa nemisebenzi yekhabhinethi yokulawula amarobhothi, futhi senze izinqumo ezinolwazi oluthe xaxa mayelana nezinhlelo zokusebenza ezingokoqobo.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Aug-27-2024
