NgoJuni 30, uprofesa Wang Tianmiao waseBeijing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics wamenywa ukuba abambe iqhazaimboni yamarobhothiiforamu encane futhi yanikeza umbiko omuhle ngobuchwepheshe obuyisisekelo kanye nezitayela zokuthuthukiswa kwamarobhothi esevisi.

Njengethrekhi yomjikelezo omude kakhulu, njenge-inthanethi yeselula nama-smartphones (2005-2020), izimoto zamandla amasha nezimoto ezihlakaniphile (2015-2030), umnotho wedijithali namarobhothi ahlakaniphile (2020-2050), njll., bekulokhu kusezingeni eliphezulu. ekhathazwa ohulumeni, izimboni, izifundiswa, imiphakathi yokutshalwa kwezimali, namanye amazwe, ikakhulukazi elaseShayina. Njengoba izabelo zemakethe kanye nezabelo zenani labantu ziba buthaka kancane kancane, Inzuzo yezobuchwepheshe isibe into esemqoka ekuvuseleleni umnotho waseShayina kanye nentuthuko esimeme nesivinini esikhulu samandla alo kazwelonke aphelele. Phakathi kwazo, ubuhlakani bokwenziwa, amarobhothi ahlakaniphile, ukukhiqizwa okuphezulu kwezinto ezintsha, ukungathathi hlangothi kwekhabhoni yamandla amasha, i-biotechnology, nobunye ubuchwepheshe sekube yimbangela ebalulekile yoshintsho lwemboni entsha yesikhathi esizayo kanye nokuthuthukiswa komnotho okusha.

Ukuthuthukiswa komphakathi kanye nokuqamba okusha kwemikhakha eyahlukene kuhlala kukhuthaza ukuvela nokuthuthukiswa kwamarobhothi ahlakaniphile ukusuka kwezobuchwepheshe kuye kwakha.

Ukuthuthukiswa kwezikali zezimboni kanye nesidingo sokuhlangana kwedolobha:ngakolunye uhlangothi, ukusebenza kahle nekhwalithi, ukwehla kwamandla ezisebenzi kanye nomfutho wokunyusa izindleko, ukukhuthaza intuthuko kusukela embonini yesibili kuya embonini ephakeme kanye nokusetshenziswa kwemboni yokuqala. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, i-Belt and Road isiphenduke isiteshi senzuzo esibalulekile samarobhothi kanye namabhizinisi omugqa wokukhiqiza ozenzakalelayo e-China. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ukuqoqwa kwenani labantu kanye nezinto ezisetshenziswayo emadolobheni amakhulu, okuhlanganisa ukudla nemikhiqizo yezolimo, imifino esenziwe ngaphambili nokudla okusha, ukulahlwa kukadoti nokukhucululwa kwendle nokuvikelwa kwemvelo, ukushayela okuzimele kanye nokuhamba ngobuhlakani, ukuphathwa kwamandla okukhaliphile kanye nokugcinwa kwamandla kanye nokushintshisana, Ukuqapha kwe-AIot nokuphepha, amarobhothi asiza ezinhlekeleleni, kanye namarobhothi okuboniswana ngawo, ezokuthutha, ukuhlanza, amahhotela, imibukiso, ikhofi, njll., konke sekuphenduke amarobhothi esevisi adingeka ngokushesha kanye nemikhiqizo.

Ukusheshisa komphakathi osekhulile kanye nesidingo sokuzijabulisa kwesizukulwane esisha, ezemidlalo zamasiko nezokudala:

Ngakolunye uhlangothi, isidingo samarobhothi anjengokuxoxa, ukuphelezela, umsizi, ukunakekelwa kwabadala, ukuvuselelwa, kanye nemithi yendabuko yamaShayina siya ngokuya siphuthuma, okuhlanganisa amarobhothi e-digital chronic chronic medical kanye namarobhothi abonakalayo e-AI, ukuqina nokuvuselelwa kanye namarobhothi emithi yendabuko yamaShayina , amarobhothi eselula afinyelelekayo, i-rolling massage kanye nokulahlwa kwendleamarobhothi, phakathi kwawo u-15% uneminyaka engaphezu kuka-65 kanti u-25% ungaphezu kweminyaka engu-75 ubudala u-45% wabantu abaneminyaka engu-85 nangaphezulu badinga le sevisi. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, amarobhothi abantu abasha ezindaweni ezifana nobuchwepheshe, izimboni zamasiko nezokudala, ezokuzijabulisa, nezemidlalo, okuhlanganisa i-ejensi yabantu ebonakalayo kanye nokuxhumana, amarobhothi ahlakaniphile ayingxube yabantu, amarobhothi ahambisana nemizwa, amarobhothi okupheka, amarobhothi okuhlanza, i-VR. amarobhothi okufaneleka komuntu siqu, amarobhothi e-stem cell kanye namarobhothi omjovo wobuhle, amarobhothi okuzijabulisa nokudansa, njll.

Amarobhothi angabuyiseleki ezimeni ezikhethekile: ngakolunye uhlangothi, kunesidingo sobuchwepheshe obuthuthukisiwe obunjengokuhlola izinkanyezi, ukwelapha okunembile, kanye nezicubu zebhayoloji, okuhlanganisa ukuhlola indawo nokuthuthela kwelinye izwe, ukuxhumana nobuchopho, amarobhothi okuhlinzwa nama-nanorobots emithambo, izitho zezicubu ze-electromyographic, ezinempilo nezijabulisayo. ubuchwepheshe be-biochemical, nokuphila okuphakade nomphefumulo. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ukusebenza okuyingozi kanye nokukhuthazwa kwempi yasendaweni, okuhlanganisa ucwaningo nokuthuthukiswa kwemisebenzi eyingozi, ukutakula nokusiza ezinhlekeleleni, izimoto zasemoyeni ezingenamuntu, amathangi angenamuntu, imikhumbi engenamuntu, izinhlelo zezikhali ezihlakaniphile, amasosha amarobhothi, njll.

I-Dynamic 1:Izihloko ezishisayo ze-Frontier ocwaningweni oluyisisekelo, ikakhulukazi izinto ezintsha namarobhothi athambile ahlangene aqinile, aguquguqukayo, i-NLP kanye ne-multimodality, ukuxhumana kwamakhompiyutha obuchopho kanye nokuqonda, isoftware eyisisekelo nezinkundla, njll., zibaluleke kakhulu, njengoba ukuphumelela koqobo oluyisisekelo kulindeleke ukuthi kuguqule isimo. ifomu, imisebenzi yomkhiqizo, nezindlela zesevisi zamarobhothi.

1. Ubuchwepheshe berobhothi be-Humanoid, izinto eziphilayo ezinjengokuphila, imisipha yokwenziwa, isikhumba sokwenziwa, ukulawulwa kwe-electromyographic, izitho zezicubu, amarobhothi athambile, njll;

2. Ama-nanorobots e-DNA kanye nezingxenye ezintsha ze-micro/nano, i-nanomaterials, i-MEMS, ukuphrinta kwe-3D, izitho zokwenziwa ezihlakaniphile, umhlangano wokukhiqiza ama-micro/nano, ukushayela ukuguqulwa kwamandla, ukusebenzisana kwempendulo ngenkani, njll;

3. Ubuchwepheshe bokubona bebhayoloji, izinzwa zokuthinta zamandla okulalelwayo nokubonwayo, ikhompyutha ye-AI enqenqemeni, ukuhlanganisa okuqinile okuvumelana nezimo, ukuhlanganisa okuqhutshwa umbono, njll;

4. Ukuqonda ulimi lwemvelo, ukuqashelwa kwemizwelo kanye nobuchwepheshe bokuxhumana nabantu namakhompuyutha, ubuchwepheshe bokuxoxisana okukhaliphile bengxoxo, ukuxhumana ngokomzwelo, ingxoxo ekude, nokunakekelwa kwezingane nabantu abadala;

5. Ukuxhumana kwekhompiyutha yobuchopho nobuchwepheshe bokuhlanganisa i-mechatronics, isayensi yobuchopho, ukwazi kwemizwa, amasignali e-electromyographic, igrafu yolwazi, ukuqaphela kwengqondo, ukucabanga ngomshini, njll;

6. Ubuchwepheshe bokuhlanganisa abantu nerobhothi obubonakalayo be-Metaverse, i-inthanethi yesizukulwane esilandelayo, ukusebenzelana kwezokuzijabulisa, ama-ejenti, ukuqwashisa ngezimo, ukusebenza kude, njll;

7. Ubuchwepheshe berobhothi obuhlanganisiwe buhlanganisa izandla, izinyawo, amehlo, nobuchopho, okuhlanganisa inkundla yeselula,ingalo yerobhothi, imojula ebonakalayo, isiphetho, njll. Ihlanganisa ukubona kwemvelo, ukuma nokuzulazula, ukulawula okuhlakaniphile, ukuqashelwa kwemvelo okungahleliwe, ukusebenzisana kwemishini eminingi, ezokuthutha ezihlakaniphile, njll;

8. I-Super software automation, izinhlelo zokusebenza zamarobhothi, amarobhothi athambile, i-RPA, ukuphathwa kwezakhiwo, ezezimali, ezishintshayo zikahulumeni, njll;

9. Ubuchwepheshe berobhothi yesevisi yamafu, izinsizakalo zamafu ezisabalalisiwe, izikhungo zokucubungula amafu, ubuhlakani bokwenziwa nokufunda komshini, ubuhlakani bokwenziwa obutolika, izinsiza zokuqasha kude, izinsiza zokufundisa ezikude, irobhothi njengesevisi ye-RaaS, njll;

10. Izimiso Zokuziphatha, Amarobhothi Okuhle, Umsebenzi, Ubumfihlo, Izimiso Zokuziphatha Nomthetho, njll.

I-Dynamic 2: Amarobhothi+, enezinzwa nezingxenye eziyinhloko, izinhlelo zokusebenza zentengiso ezisezingeni eliphezulu (ezifana nezinto zokusebenza zasendlini nezangaphandle, ukuhlanza, abasizi bokunakekela imizwelo, njll.), kanye nesofthiwe ye-Raas ne-App ebaluleke kakhulu, njengoba lokhu kulindeleke ukuthi kuphule umkhiqizo owodwa. umkhawulo wamayunithi angaphezu kwezigidi eziyishumi noma wenze imodeli yebhizinisi esekelwe kokubhaliselwe

Izingxenye eziyinhloko ezingezwe ngenani eliphakeme zifaka phakathi umbono we-AI, amandla kanye nokuthinta, i-RV, imoto, i-AMR, isofthiwe yokuklama nesicelo, njll; Amathuluzi e-Super software automation anjenge-AIops, i-RPA, i-Raas, namanye amamodeli amakhulu ame mpo, afaka izinkundla zesevisi yamafu njenge-Raas yokuqashisa, ukuqeqesha, ukucubungula, nokuthuthukiswa kwezicelo; Amarobhothi ezokwelapha; Amarobhothi ayinhlanganisela yamaselula okulayisha nokuthulula, ukuphatha izinto, noma ukuhlanza; Okokuzijabulisa, ukudla, ukubhucunga umzimba, i-moxibustion, ukuhambisana namanye amarobhothi esevisi; Okwezinhlelo ezinganamuntu kwezolimo, ezokwakha, zokugaywa kabusha, zokudiliza, ezamandla, embonini yenuzi, njll.

Ngokuphathelene namarobhothi nezicelo zezentengiselwano, ezinye izinkampani zaseChina nazo ziyavela emkhakheni wezinhlelo zamarobhothi eziphelele kanye nezingxenye ezibalulekile. Kulindeleke ukuthi babe namathemba abanzi wokusebenzisa amandla amasha, izinto ezizenzakalelayo, imikhiqizo yezolimo neyomthengi, i-biotechnology, izinsizakalo zomphakathi, izinsiza zasekhaya, neminye imikhakha, ebonisa intuthuko eqhumayo emikhakheni ehlukene.

"Uhlelo Lweminyaka Eyi-14 Lweminyaka Emihlanu Lokuthuthukiswa Kwemboni Yamarobhothi" luveza ukuthi izinga lokukhula konyaka lemali engenayo yokusebenza embonini yamarobhothi ngesikhathi soHlelo Lweminyaka Emihlanu Lweminyaka Engu-14 lidlula ama-20%, futhi ukuminyana kwamarobhothi akhiqizayo kuphindeke kabili. Izimo zohlelo lokusebenza zihlanganisa izilinganiso eziningi ezifana nokuya ku-G, ukuya ku-B ekupheleni, kanye nokuphela kuka-C. Izindinganiso zendawo ezungezile, indawo yefrikhwensi ephezulu, kanye nezindleko zabasebenzi nakho kwenza "ukushintsha umshini" indawo yobuhlungu kwezinye izimo.

I-Dynamic 3: Imodeli enkulu+ irobhothi, okulindeleke ukuthi ihlanganise imodeli enkulu evamile nemodeli enkulu eqondile yezinhlelo zokusebenza zerobhothi ezithile kuzimo zohlelo lokusebenza zokusebenzisana kobuhlakani obuhlanganisiwe, ulwazi, kanye nokumiswa, ukuthuthukisa kakhulu izinga lobuhlakani berobhothi futhi kujulise ukusetshenziswa kwalo okusabalele.

Njengoba kwaziwa, i-universal multimodal, i-NLP, i-CV, i-interactive kanye namanye amamodeli e-AI asungula izindlela zokubona irobhothi, inkimbinkimbi yokuqonda imvelo, ukwenza izinqumo nokulawula okusekelwe olwazini, futhi kulindeleke ukuthi kuthuthukise kakhulu izinga lobuhlakani berobhothi kanye nobubanzi. izinkambu zohlelo lokusebenza, ikakhulukazi ekuhlanganisweni kwezimo ezisebenzisanayo, ezisekelwe olwazini, nezijwayelekile zokusetshenziswa kobuhlakani obuhlanganisiwe, Kubandakanya isayensi nemfundo, abasizi, abanakekeli, ukunakekelwa kwabadala, kanye nemisebenzi eyisiqondiso, ukuhlanza, ukuphatheka, njll., kulindeleke ukwenza izinguquko kuqala.

I-Dynamic 4:Amarobhothi e-Humanoid (biomimetic) kulindeleke ukuthi akhe uhlobo oluhlangene lwemikhiqizo yerobhothi eyodwa, okulindeleke ukuthi luholele ekuthuthukisweni okusheshayo kwama-AI chips, izinzwa ezihlukahlukene, nokwakhiwa kabusha kochungechunge lokunikezela kanye nokukalwa kwezingxenye zamarobhothi.

Ukufika kwenkathi ye-"robot+" ihlanganisa izigidigidi zamarobhothi e-biomimetic. Ngokudlondlobala kokuguga kwabantu kanye nentuthuko echumayo yokukhiqiza ngobuhlakani, ngesikhathi esifanayo, amarobhothi, ubuhlakani bokwenziwa, kanye nezinsizakalo zamafu idatha enkulu ingena esigabeni sokuthuthuka esiphazamisayo. Amarobhothi e-Bionic ashayela ukuthuthukiswa kwezimboni ezinkulu zamarobhothi ahlakaniphile ngenye indlela yokuthuthukisa isevisi yamafu. Phakathi kwawo, amarobhothi e-humanoid nawe-quadruped kuzoba amathrekhi amancane athembisa kakhulu phakathi kwamarobhothi e-biomimetic. Ngokwezilinganiso ezinethemba, uma u-3-5% wegebe labasebenzi emhlabeni wonke kungenzeka lithathelwe indawo amarobhothi e-biomimetic humanoid phakathi kuka-2030 no-2035, kulindeleke ukuthi isidingo samarobhothi e-humanoid sizoba cishe amayunithi ayizigidi eziyi-1-3, ahambelana ne- usayizi wezimakethe zomhlaba udlula ama-yuan ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingama-260 kanye nemakethe yaseShayina edlula ama-yuan ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingama-65.

Amarobhothi e-Biomimetic asabeka phambili ubunzima obuyinhloko bokusebenza kokuzinza kokunyakaza okuguquguqukayo nokusebenza okuhlakaniphile kokusebenza. Ngokungafani namarobhothi endabuko, ukuze anyakaze kalula futhi asebenze ezindaweni ezingahlelekile, amarobhothi e-biomimetic kanye ne-humanoid anesidingo esiphuthumayo sokuqina kwesistimu kanye nezingxenye eziyinhloko ezisezingeni eliphezulu. Izinkinga zobuchwepheshe eziyinhloko zihlanganisa amayunithi okushayela kwe-torque ephezulu, ukulawula ukunyakaza okuhlakaniphile, ikhono lesikhathi sangempela lokubona imvelo, ukusebenzisana komshini womuntu, nobunye ubuchwepheshe. Umphakathi wezemfundo uhlola ngenkuthalo izinto ezintsha ezihlakaniphile, imisipha yokwenziwa evumelana nezimo eqinile Umbono wokwenziwa wesikhumba, amarobhothi athambile, njll.

I-ChatGPT+Biomimetic Robot "inika amandla amarobhothi ukuthi ashintshe ukusuka" afane ngendlela "kuya" afana nomoya ". Vula i-AI etshalwe enkampanini yamarobhothi i-1X Technologies humanoid ukuze ingene ngokusemthethweni embonini yamarobhothi, ihlole ukusetshenziswa kanye nokufika kwe-ChatGPT emkhakheni wamarobhothi. , ukuhlola amamodeli ezilimi ezinkulu ze-multimodal, kanye nokukhuthaza imodeli yengqondo yokufunda ephindaphindayo yamarobhothi e-humanoid ekuhlanganisweni kolwazi lombhalo wokusebenzelana komshini womuntu nolwazi lwenqubo yesicelo sendawo yokusebenza, Ukuxazulula inkinga yenselelo enzima yokuhlanganiswa kohlaka lokugcina oluyisisekelo. I-algorithm yesoftware yemboni yamarobhothi kanye nombono wekhompuyutha we-AI onqenqemeni.

Nakuba humanoidamarobhothibabe nobuthakathaka obulalayo mayelana nokusebenza kahle namandla, ukusetshenziswa kanye nokulula, kanye nokugcinwa kanye nentengo, kuyadingeka ukunaka inqubekelaphambili engalindelekile ye-Tesla yokuphindaphinda okusheshayo kwamarobhothi e-humanoid. Isizathu siwukuthi i-Tesla ichaze kabusha futhi yaklama amarobhothi e-humanoid avela ezimeni zayo ezithile zohlelo lokusebenza ekukhiqizeni izimoto ezinkulu eJalimane, eChina, eMexico nakwezinye izindawo, ikakhulukazi mayelana nesakhiwo semishini Idrayivu ye-elekthronikhi, umklamo omusha wezingxenye ezihlangene ze-40, futhi ngisho nezinye zazo ziyaphazamisa, okuhlanganisa i-torque ehlukile yokukhiphayo, isivinini esiphumayo, ukunemba kokubeka indawo, ukuqina kokujikeleza, ukubona amandla, ukuzivala, usayizi wevolumu, njll. Lokhu kuphumelela kwasekuqaleni kulindeleke ukuthi kuqhubekisele phambili ukuthuthukiswa kwamarobhothi e-humanoid " ikhono lokubona, ikhono lokusebenzisana, ukusebenza kanye nekhono lokulawula" imodeli yekhompuyutha yendawo yonke kanye nesicelo imodeli enkulu eqondile eqondile, futhi izale ama-chips erobhothi e-AI kubiza kwaTesla Robotics, manje esengaphezu kwesigidi esingu-$1, futhi ifinyelela inani lokuthengisa lika-$20000.

Okokugcina, sibheka ukuthuthukiswa komlando kanye namafomu omphakathi, ukuhlaziya inkambiso yesikhathi esizayo yokusungulwa kwezobuchwepheshe kwezinhlaka ezahlukene kanye nokuphazamisa ezintweni ezintsha, amandla amasha, i-biology, i-AI, neminye imikhakha. Ngokugxila ekwakhiweni kwezidingo zemakethe ezintsha zokuguga komhlaba, ukufudukela kwabantu emadolobheni, ukuguquguquka kwesibalo sabantu, kanye nokuxhumana, ubuhlakani, kanye nezinga, kusekungabaza ukuthi amarobhothi asebenza emhlabeni wonke azodabula izigidigidi zesikhala sokuthuthukiswa kwezimakethe eminyakeni eyi-10 ezayo. izimpikiswano ezintathu ezinkulu ezigqamayo: eyodwa iyindlela yokuziphendukela kwemvelo? Izimboni, ezohwebo, i-humanoid, imodeli enkulu, noma izinhlelo zokusebenza ezihlukene; Okwesibili, ukushayela okusimeme kwenani lezentengiselwano? Ukusebenza, ukuqeqeshwa, ukuhlanganiswa, imishini ephelele, izingxenye, izinkundla, njll., ukugunyazwa kwe-IP, ukuthengisa, ukuqashisa, amasevisi, okubhaliselwe, njll., nezinqubomgomo zokuhlanganyela eziphathelene namanyuvesi, amabhizinisi azimele, amabhizinisi kahulumeni, ukusungulwa, uchungechunge lokuhlinzeka , inhlokodolobha, uhulumeni, njll; Okwesithathu, ukuziphatha kwamarobhothi?