Will thekushandiswa kukuru kwemarobhotikubvuta mabasa evanhu? Kana mafekitari akashandisa marobhoti, remangwana revashandi riripi? "Machine replacement" haingounzi mhedzisiro yakanaka kushanduko nekusimudzira mabhizinesi, asiwo inokwezva kukakavara kwakawanda munharaunda.
Kuvhunduka pamusoro pemarobhoti kune nhoroondo refu. Kare kuma1960, marobhoti eindasitiri akazvarwa muUnited States. Panguva iyoyo, chiyero chekushaikwa kwemabasa muUnited States chaive chakakwirira, uye nekuda kwekunetseka pamusoro pekukanganisa kwehupfumi uye kusagadzikana kwevanhu kunokonzerwa nekushaikwa kwemabasa, hurumende yeUnited States haina kutsigira kukurudzirwa kwemakambani erobhoti. Kubudirira kushoma kwounyanzvi hwokugadzira marobhoti muUnited States kwakaunza mashoko akanaka kuJapan, iyo yakatarisana nokushomeka kwevashandi, uye yakakurumidza kupinda mudanho rinoshanda.
Mumakumi emakore akatevera, marobhoti emumaindasitiri aishandiswa zvakanyanya munzvimbo dzakasiyana siyana semitsetse yekugadzira mota, maindasitiri e3C (kureva makomputa, kutaurirana, uye zvemagetsi zvevatengi), uye mashandiro emuchina. Marobhoti eindasitiri anoratidza mabhenefiti asingaenzaniswi maererano nehuwandu hwakawanda hwekudzokorora, kurema, muchetura, uye mashandiro ane njodzi.
Kunyanya, nguva iripo yekugovera vanhu muChina yasvika kumagumo, uye vanhu vachembera vari kufambisa mari dzevashandi. Ichava muitiro wemichina kutsiva basa remaoko.
Yakagadzirwa muChina 2025 inomira pahurefu hutsva munhoroondo, kugadzira"yepamusoro-yekupedzisira CNC muchina maturusi uye marobhoti"imwe yenzvimbo dzakakosha dzakasimudzirwa nesimba. Pakutanga kwa2023, Ministry of Indasitiri neRuzivo rweTekinoroji yakaburitsa Iyo Implementation Plan ye "Robot +" Application Action, iyo yakataura zvakajeka kuti muindasitiri yekugadzira, isu tichasimudzira kuvakwa kwemafekitori ekuratidzira ekugadzira akangwara uye kugadzira akajairwa ekushandisa maindasitiri. marobhoti. Mabhizinesi ari kuwedzera kukoshesa kukosha kwekugadzira kwakangwara mukukura kwavo, uye vari kuita zviito zvakakura "muchina kumunhu" mumatunhu mazhinji.
Mumeso evamwe vemukati meindasitiri, kunyangwe sirogani iyi iri nyore kunzwisisa uye ichibatsira makambani kunzwisisa nekusimudzira kuitwa kwekugadzira zvine hungwaru, mamwe makambani anosimbisa zvakanyanya kukosha kwemidziyo uye tekinoroji, achingotenga nhamba huru yematurusi emhando yepamusoro, marobhoti eindasitiri, uye masystem epamberi emakombuta, achifuratira kukosha kwevanhu mubhizinesi. Kana marobhoti eindasitiri achingogara achingori maturusi ekubatsira pasina kunyatsokunda miganhu yekugadzira iripo, kuongorora minda mitsva yekugadzira yakazvimirira, kugadzira ruzivo rutsva uye matekinoroji, ipapo kukanganisa kwe "muchina kutsiva" ndekwenguva pfupi.
"Kushandiswa kwemarobhoti emaindasitiri kunogona kusimudzira kuvandudzwa kwemaindasitiri kuburikidza nekuvandudza kushanda zvakanaka, kunaka kwechigadzirwa, uye dzimwe nzira. Zvisineyi, chinhu chinonyanya kukosha chekuvandudzwa kwemaindasitiri - kufambira mberi kwehunyanzvi - hakusi mukati mekusvika kwemichina yemaindasitiri nevashandi, uye inofanira kuwanikwa kuburikidza iyo kambani inotsvagisa nekusimudzira mari. " akadaro Dr. Cai Zhenkun kubva kuSchool of Economics paShandong University, uyo ave achidzidza ndima iyi kwenguva yakareba.
Vanotenda kuti kutsiva vanhu nemichina ingori chinhu chekunze chekugadzira zvine hungwaru uye hazvifanirwe kuve chinangwa chekushandisa kugadzira kwakangwara. Kutsiva vanhu hachisi chinangwa, michina inobatsira matarenda ndiyo nzira yebudiriro yeramangwana.
"Kukanganisa kwekushandiswa kwemarobhoti pamusika wevashandi kunonyanya kuratidzwa mukushandurwa kwemaitiro ebasa, kugadziriswa kwezvinodiwa zvevashandi, uye kuvandudzwa kwezvinodiwa zveunyanzvi hwebasa. Kazhinji kutaura, maindasitiri ane zviri nyore uye anodzokorora zvebasa uye hunyanzvi hunodiwa zvakanyanya. Semuyenzaniso, shanda mukugadzirisa dhata, kupinza data, sevhisi yevatengi, zvekufambisa, uye kutakura zvinhu zvinowanzoitwa otomatiki kuburikidza nemapurogiramu ekare uye algorithms, zvichiita kuti zvive nyore kukanganiswa nemarobhoti. inochinjika, uye nharaunda dzekutaurirana, vanhu vachine zvakanakira zvakasiyana."
Kushandiswa kwemarobhoti eindasitiri kuchatsiva basa rechinyakare uye kugadzira mabasa matsva, inova kubvumirana pakati penyanzvi. Kune rimwe divi, nekuenderera mberi kwekuenderera mberi kwehunyanzvi hwemarobhoti uye nekuwedzera kwechikamu chekushandisa kwayo, kudiwa kwevashandi vepamusoro vehunyanzvi vakaita semarobhoti matekinoroji nemarobhoti eR&D mainjiniya kuri kukura zuva nezuva. Kune rimwe divi, nekuvandudzwa kwetekinoroji, maindasitiri mazhinji ari kusimukira achabuda, achivhura nzvimbo itsva yebasa revanhu.
Nguva yekutumira: Kubvumbi-29-2024
