Kuma urubura rwumye no gutera amashyuzani tekinoroji yo gutera imiti ikoreshwa cyane mubikorwa byinshi byinganda. Nubwo byombi birimo ibintu byo gutwikira hejuru, hari itandukaniro ryingenzi mumahame, gushyira mubikorwa, n'ingaruka zo gutera urubura rwumye no gutera amashyuza. Muri iyi ngingo, tuzasesengura itandukaniro riri hagati yo gutera urubura rwumye no gutera amashyuza.
Ubwa mbere, reka twige ibijyanye no gutera urubura. Gutera urubura rwumye nubuhanga bukoresha ibice byumye byumye kugirango byihute kumuvuduko mwinshi kandi ubite hejuru yubuso. Urubura rwumye ni dioxyde de carbone ikomeye, bityo ikora sublimation mugihe cyagushushanyainzira, guhinduka muburyo butaziguye kuva kuri leta ihamye kuri agazeleta idatanga umusaruro. Ubu buryo budasanzwe butanga urubura rwumye rutera ibyiza bidasanzwe mubisabwa byinshi.
Ikintu kigaragara cyo gutera urubura rwumye ni uko rutangirika. Ibice byumye byumye bizahinduka gaze mugihe cyo gutera, ntibisigare hejuru. Ibi bituma urubura rwumye rutera amahitamo meza yo gusukura hejuru, cyane cyane kubijyanye nibikoresho byoroshye cyangwa ibikoresho bya elegitoroniki. Byongeye kandi, nkuko gutera urubura rwumye bidasaba gukoresha imiti yumuti cyangwa ibikoresho byogusukura, nuburyo bwo gutera ibidukikije byangiza ibidukikije.
Gutera urubura rwumye nabyo bifite ubushyuhe buke. Mugihe cyo gutera, ibice byumye byumye bikurura ubushyuhe kandi bigabanya vuba ubushyuhe bwubuso. Ibi bituma urubura rwumye rutera akamaro cyane mubikorwa bimwe na bimwe, nko gutunganya ibiryo byahagaritswe, inganda zimiti, ninganda zo mu kirere. Mugenzura igihe n'umuvuduko wo gutera urubura rwumye, impamyabumenyi zitandukanye zo gukonja zirashobora kugerwaho.
Ugereranije nakumisha urubura, gutera amashyuza ni tekinoroji itera ibikoresho bishonga cyangwa byashongeshejwe igice hejuru yubuso bwihuse. Ubu buryo bwo gutera imiti bukoresha amasoko yubushyuhe nkumuriro, plasma arcs, cyangwa ibiti bya electron kugirango ushushe kandi ushonge ibikoresho byo gutwikira. Ikintu nyamukuru kiranga gutera amashyuza ni uko gishobora gukora urwego rukomeye kandi rurambye rwo kurinda hejuru, kandi rugatanga uburyo bwiza bwo kurwanya kwambara, kurwanya ruswa, no kurwanya ubushyuhe bwinshi.
Hariho ubwoko butandukanye bwubuhanga bwo gutera amashyuza, harimo gutera flame, gutera plasma, no gutera arc. Gutera ibirimi ni ubwoko bukunze gukoreshwa, bukoresha umuriro kugirango ushushe ibikoresho byo gutwikira, kubishonga, no kubitera hejuru. Gutera plasma ukoresha plasma arc kugirango ushushe ibikoresho byo gutwikira, kandi ubushyuhe bwo hejuru butangwa na arc burashonga hanyuma bugasuka hejuru. Ubu buryo bwo gutera amashyuza mubisanzwe bisaba gukoresha imbunda za spray cyangwa ibikoresho byo gutera flame.
Kimwe mu byiza byingenzi byo gutera amashyuza ni ugukomera gukomeye. Ibikoresho byo gushonga byashongeshejwe byihuse hamwe nubuso mugihe cyo gutera kandi bigakora imiterere ihamye. Uku gufatira hamwe gutuma gutera amashyuza bikoreshwa cyane mubisabwa bisaba kwihanganira kwambara, kurwanya ruswa, cyangwa kurwanya ubushyuhe bwinshi, nk'ikirere, ingufu, amamodoka, n'inganda zikora.
Mubyongeyeho, gutera amashyuza birashobora kandi gutanga uburyo butandukanye bwo guhitamo ibikoresho. Ukurikije ibisabwa mubisabwa, ubwoko butandukanye bwibikoresho nkibyuma, ububumbyi, polymers, nibindi birashobora gutoranywa kugirango bitere. Ubu butandukanye butera gutera amashyuza bikwiranye no kurinda ubuso butandukanye no gukenera imikorere.
Ariko, ugereranije nagutera urubura rwumye, gutera amashyuzaifite kandi aho igarukira hamwe ninenge. Ubwa mbere, uburyo bwo gutera amashyuza busaba ubushyuhe bwinshi ningufu zinjiza, zishobora gutuma kwaguka kwagace katewe nubushyuhe hejuru yubuso. Rimwe na rimwe, ibi birashobora kugira ingaruka mbi kumikorere n'imiterere ya substrate.
Mubyongeyeho, gutera umuvuduko wo gutera amashyuza biratinda. Bitewe no gukenera gushyushya no gushonga ibikoresho byo gutwikira, kimwe no kwemeza neza, umuvuduko wo gutera gutera amashyuza ubusanzwe uba muke. Ibi birashobora kuba bibi kubisabwa bisaba umusaruro mwiza no gutwikira vuba.
Muri make, hari itandukaniro rikomeye mumahame no gushyira mubikorwa hagati yo gutera urubura rwumye no gutera amashyuza. Gutera urubura rwumye ni tekinoroji idashobora kwangirika, ubushyuhe buke bwo gutera ibikoresho bishobora kweza ibikoresho byoroshye nibikoresho bya elegitoroniki, kandi bigira uruhare mugutunganya ibiryo byafunzwe, inganda zimiti, nizindi nzego. Ibyiza byayo biri mugihe habuze ibisigara, ibidukikije byangiza ibidukikije, nibiranga ubushyuhe buke.
Ibinyuranye, gutera amashyuza ni tekinike yo gutera imiti ikoresha ubushyuhe bwo hejuru bwo gushonga ibikoresho byo gutwikira kugirango bibe urwego rukomeye kandi ruramba. Itanga imyambarire myiza cyane, irwanya ruswa, hamwe nubushyuhe bwo hejuru, ikwiranye nimirima nkikirere, ingufu, ninganda.
Nyamara, ibibi byo gutera amashyuza ni uko ingaruka ziterwa nubushyuhe butangwa mugihe cyo gutera imiti zishobora kugira ingaruka mbi kuri substrate, kandi umuvuduko wo gutera uratinda. Kurundi ruhande, gutera urubura rwumye ntabwo bigira ingaruka zumuriro kandi umuvuduko wo gutera urihuta.
Mu ncamake, gutera urubura rwumye hamwe no gutera amashyuza ni tekinike yingenzi yo gutera imiti igira uruhare rutandukanye mubice bitandukanye.Gutera uruburairakwiriye kubisabwa bisaba ibisigara hejuru yubusa, isuku yubushyuhe buke, no kurengera ibidukikije, mugihe gutera amashyuza bikwiranye nimirima isaba kwihanganira kwambara cyane, kurwanya ruswa, hamwe nubushyuhe bwo hejuru.
Haba guhitamo icyuma cyumye cyangwa gutera amashyuza, ibyemezo bigomba gufatwa hashingiwe kubisabwa byihariye, ibiranga ibintu, n'ingaruka ziteganijwe. Gutezimbere no gushyira mubikorwa tekinoroji yo gutera bizakomeza gutera imbere no guhanga udushya mubikorwa bitandukanye.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Gicurasi-17-2024
