Imashini za robobigira uruhare runini mu nganda zinyuranye, kuzamura umusaruro, kugabanya ibiciro, kuzamura ubwiza bwibicuruzwa, ndetse no guhindura uburyo bwo kubyaza umusaruro inganda zose. None, ni ibihe bintu bigize robot yuzuye yinganda? Iyi ngingo izatanga ibisobanuro birambuye kubice bitandukanye nibikorwa bya robo yinganda kugirango bigufashe kumva neza iri koranabuhanga ryingenzi.
1. Imiterere ya mashini
Imiterere yibanze ya robo yinganda zirimo umubiri, amaboko, intoki, nintoki. Ibi bice hamwe bigizwe na sisitemu yimikorere ya robo, igafasha guhagarara neza no kugenda mumwanya wibice bitatu.
Umubiri: Umubiri numubiri wingenzi wa robo, mubisanzwe bikozwe mubyuma bikomeye cyane, bikoreshwa mugushigikira ibindi bice no gutanga umwanya wimbere kugirango byakire ibyuma bitandukanye, bigenzura, nibindi bikoresho.
Ukuboko: Ukuboko nigice cyingenzi cyibikorwa bya robo ikora, ubusanzwe itwarwa ningingo, kugirango igere kumurongo wubwisanzure. Ukurikijei Porogaramu, ukuboko kurashobora gushushanywa hamwe nigitereko gihamye cyangwa umurongo ushobora gukururwa.
Wrist: Ukuboko nigice igice cyanyuma cyimashini za robo zihura nakazi, mubisanzwe bigizwe nurukurikirane rw'ibihuru hamwe n'inkoni zihuza, kugirango bigerweho neza, gufata, no gukora.
Sisitemu yo kugenzura
Sisitemu yo kugenzura ama robo yinganda nigice cyayo nyamukuru, ishinzwe kwakira amakuru aturuka kuri sensor, gutunganya aya makuru, no kohereza amabwiriza yo kugenzura kugirango robot igende. Sisitemu yo kugenzura mubisanzwe ikubiyemo ibice bikurikira:
Umugenzuzi: Igenzura ni ubwonko bwa robo yinganda, ishinzwe gutunganya ibimenyetso biva kuri sensor zitandukanye no gutanga amabwiriza ajyanye no kugenzura. Ubwoko busanzwe bwabagenzuzi harimo PLC (Programmable Logic Controller), DCS (Sisitemu yo kugenzura ikwirakwizwa), na IPC (Sisitemu yo kugenzura ubwenge).
Umushoferi: Umushoferi ni intera iri hagati yumugenzuzi na moteri, ishinzwe guhindura amategeko yubugenzuzi yatanzwe na mugenzuzi mubikorwa nyabyo bya moteri. Ukurikije ibisabwa bitandukanye bisabwa, abashoferi barashobora kugabanywamo abashoferi ba moteri, abatwara ibinyabiziga bya servo, hamwe nabashoferi bafite umurongo.
Imigaragarire ya porogaramu: Imigaragarire ya porogaramu nigikoresho gikoreshwa nabakoresha kugirango basabane na sisitemu ya robo, mubisanzwe harimo software ya mudasobwa, ecran ikoraho, cyangwa paneli yihariye ikora. Binyuze muri porogaramu ya porogaramu, abakoresha barashobora gushyiraho ibipimo byimikorere ya robo, kugenzura imikorere yayo, no gusuzuma no gukemura amakosa.
3. Sensors
Imashini zikoresha inganda zigomba kwishingikiriza ku byuma bitandukanye kugira ngo zibone amakuru y’ibidukikije kugira ngo zikore imirimo nko guhagarara neza, kugendagenda, no kwirinda inzitizi. Ubwoko busanzwe bwa sensor zirimo:
Ibyuma bifata amashusho: Ibyuma bifata amashusho bikoreshwa mu gufata amashusho cyangwa amakuru ya videwo yibintu bigenewe, nka kamera, Lidar, nibindi Mu gusesengura aya makuru, robot irashobora kugera kubikorwa nko kumenyekanisha ibintu, kwimenyekanisha, no gukurikirana.
Imbaraga / torque sensor: Imbaraga / torque zikoreshwa mugupima imbaraga zo hanze hamwe na torque zabayeho na robo, nka sensor sensor, sensor ya torque, nibindi. Aya makuru ningirakamaro mugucunga no kugenzura imitwaro ya robo.
Kwegera / Intera ya Sensor: Ikigereranyo / Intera zikoreshwa mu gupima intera iri hagati ya robo n’ibintu bikikije kugirango harebwe umutekano muke. Ibisanzwe byegeranye / intera ikora harimo sensor ya ultrasonic, sensor ya infragre, nibindi.
Encoder: Kodegisi ni sensor ikoreshwa mugupima inguni namakuru yamakuru, nka kodegisi ya fotoelectric, kodegisi ya magnetiki, nibindi. Mugutunganya aya makuru, robot irashobora kugera kubigenzura neza no gutegura inzira.
4. Imigaragarire y'itumanaho
Kugirango tubigerehoumurimo wo gufatanyano gusangira amakuru nibindi bikoresho, robot yinganda zikenera kugira ubushobozi bwitumanaho. Imigaragarire yitumanaho irashobora guhuza robot nibindi bikoresho (nkizindi robo kumurongo wibyakozwe, ibikoresho byo gutunganya ibikoresho, nibindi) hamwe na sisitemu yo murwego rwo hejuru (nka ERP, MES, nibindi), kugera kubikorwa nko guhanahana amakuru no kure kugenzura. Ubwoko busanzwe bwitumanaho burimo:
Imigaragarire ya Ethernet: Imigaragarire ya Ethernet numuyoboro rusange ushingiye kuri protocole ya IP, ikoreshwa cyane murwego rwo gutangiza inganda. Binyuze kuri interineti ya Ethernet, robot irashobora kugera kubintu byihuse kandi ikanakurikiranwa mugihe hamwe nibindi bikoresho.
Imigaragarire ya PROFIBUS: PROFIBUS ni protocole mpuzamahanga ya fieldbus mpuzamahanga ikoreshwa cyane mubijyanye no gutangiza inganda. Imigaragarire ya PROFIBUS irashobora kugera kubintu byihuse kandi byizewe byo guhanahana amakuru no kugenzura gukorana hagati yibikoresho bitandukanye.
Imigaragarire ya USB: Imigaragarire ya USB ni interineti itumanaho rusange ishobora gukoreshwa muguhuza ibikoresho byinjiza nka clavier nimbeba, hamwe nibikoresho bisohoka nka printer nibikoresho byo kubika. Binyuze kuri interineti ya USB, robot irashobora kugera kubikorwa byimikorere no guhererekanya amakuru hamwe nabakoresha.
Muri make, robot yuzuye yinganda igizwe nibice byinshi nkimiterere yubukanishi, sisitemu yo kugenzura, ibyuma byifashishwa, hamwe n’itumanaho. Ibi bice bikorana kugirango bishoboze robot kurangiza imirimo itandukanye-yuzuye kandi yihuse mubikorwa byihuse byinganda. Hamwe niterambere ryiterambere ryikoranabuhanga hamwe no kwagura ibisabwa, ama robo yinganda azakomeza kugira uruhare runini mubikorwa bigezweho.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Mutarama-12-2024
