Ishoka itandatu yaama robo yingandareba ingingo esheshatu za robo, zifasha robot kugenda neza mumwanya wibice bitatu. Izi ngingo esheshatu zisanzwe zirimo urufatiro, urutugu, inkokora, ukuboko, hamwe ningaruka zanyuma. Izi ngingo zishobora gutwarwa na moteri yamashanyarazi kugirango igere munzira zitandukanye zigenda kandi zuzuza imirimo itandukanye.
Imashini za roboni ubwoko bwibikoresho byikora bikoreshwa cyane mubikorwa byo gukora. Ubusanzwe igizwe ningingo esheshatu, zitwa "amashoka" kandi irashobora kugenda yigenga kugirango igere kugenzura neza ikintu. Hasi, tuzatanga intangiriro irambuye kuri aya mashoka atandatu hamwe nibisabwa, ikoranabuhanga, hamwe niterambere ryiterambere.
1 、 Ikoranabuhanga
1. Umurongo wa mbere:Uruzinduko rwibanze Axis Igice cya mbere nigice kizunguruka gihuza robot nubutaka. Irashobora kugera kuri dogere 360 yubusa ya robot kumurongo utambitse, kwemerera robot kwimura ibintu cyangwa gukora ibindi bikorwa mubyerekezo bitandukanye. Igishushanyo gifasha robot guhindura neza imyanya yayo mumwanya no kunoza imikorere yayo.
2. Igice cya kabiri:Guhinduranya Ikibuno Axis Igice cya kabiri giherereye hagati yikibuno cya robo nigitugu, kandi gishobora kugera kumuzenguruko perpendicular yerekeza kumurongo wambere. Iyi axe ituma robot izunguruka mu ndege itambitse idahinduye uburebure bwayo, bityo ikagura ibikorwa byayo. Kurugero, robot ifite umurongo wa kabiri irashobora kwimura ibintu kuva kuruhande rumwe kurundi mugihe ikomeza igihagararo cyamaboko.
3. Igice cya gatatu:Igitugu Igituba Axis Igice cya gatatu giherereye ku rutugu rwarobotkandi irashobora kuzunguruka. Binyuze muri iyi axe, robot irashobora kugera kumpinduka zinguni hagati yukuboko kwamaboko yo hejuru kugirango ikore neza mubikorwa bitandukanye. Mubyongeyeho, iyi axis irashobora kandi gufasha robot kurangiza ingendo zimwe zisaba kugenda hejuru no hasi, nkibisanduku byimuka.
4. Igice cya kane:Inkokora ya Flexion / Kwagura Axis Igice cya kane giherereye ku nkokora ya robo kandi gishobora kugera imbere no gusubira inyuma. Ibi bituma robot ikora gufata, gushyira, cyangwa ibindi bikorwa nkuko bikenewe. Muri icyo gihe, iyi axe irashobora kandi gufasha robot kurangiza imirimo isaba kuzunguruka inyuma, nko gushyira ibice kumurongo.
5. Igice cya gatanu:Wrist Rotation Axis Igice cya gatanu giherereye mubice byamaboko ya robo kandi irashobora kuzenguruka umurongo wacyo. Ibi bituma robot ihindura inguni yibikoresho byintoki binyuze mukugenda kwintoki zabo, bityo bikagera kuburyo bworoshye bwo gukora. Kurugero, mugihe cyo gusudira, robot irashobora gukoresha iyi axe kugirango ihindure inguni yimbunda yo gusudira kugirango ihuze ibyifuzo bitandukanye.
6. Igice cya gatandatu:Intoki ya Roll Axis Igice cya gatandatu nacyo giherereye ku kuboko kwa robo, kwemerera ibikorwa byo kuzunguruka ibikoresho byamaboko. Ibi bivuze ko robot idashobora gufata ibintu gusa binyuze mu gufungura no gufunga intoki zabo, ariko kandi ikoresha kuzunguruka amaboko kugirango igere ku bimenyetso bigoye. Kurugero, mugihe ibintu bigomba gukomezwa, therobotUrashobora gukoresha iyi axe kugirango urangize umurimo wo gukomera no kurekura imigozi.
2 、 Gusaba
1. Gusudira:Imashini za robozikoreshwa cyane murwego rwo gusudira kandi zirashobora kurangiza imirimo itandukanye yo gusudira. Kurugero, gusudira imibiri yimodoka, gusudira amato, nibindi.
2. Gukoresha: Imashini zikoresha inganda nazo zikoreshwa cyane mubijyanye no gutunganya, kandi zirashobora kurangiza imirimo itandukanye yo gutunganya ibikoresho. Kurugero, gutunganya ibice kumurongo uteranya ibinyabiziga, gutwara imizigo mububiko, nibindi.
3. Gutera: Gukoresha ama robo yinganda murwego rwo gutera bishobora kugera kubikorwa byiza kandi byiza. Kurugero, gushushanya umubiri wimodoka, gushushanya ibikoresho byo murugo, nibindi.
4. Gukata: Gukoresha ama robo yinganda murwego rwo gutema birashobora kugera kubikorwa byogukora neza kandi byihuse. Kurugero, gukata ibyuma, gukata plastike, nibindi.
5. Inteko: Gukoresha ama robo yinganda murwego rwo guterana birashobora kugera kubikorwa byikora kandi byoroshye. Kurugero, guteranya ibicuruzwa bya elegitoronike, guteranya ibinyabiziga, nibindi.
3 、 Imanza
Gufata Porogaramuama robo yingandamuruganda rukora ibinyabiziga nkurugero, sobanura ikoreshwa nibyiza bya robo yinganda zifite amashoka atandatu. Ku murongo wo kubyaza umusaruro uruganda rukora amamodoka, robot yinganda zikoreshwa muguteranya byikora no gutunganya ibice byumubiri. Mugucunga ibice bitandatu byimikorere ya robo, imirimo ikurikira irashobora kugerwaho:
Kwimura ibice byumubiri uva mububiko ukajya ahantu hateranira;
Kusanya neza ubwoko butandukanye bwibigize ukurikije ibisabwa;
Gukora igenzura ryiza mugihe cyo guterana kugirango urebe neza ibicuruzwa;
Shyira kandi ubike ibice byumubiri byateranijwe kugirango bitunganyirizwe nyuma.
Ukoresheje ama robo yinganda mu guteranya no gutwara abantu mu buryo bwikora, uruganda rukora imodoka rushobora kuzamura umusaruro, kugabanya ibiciro byakazi, no kuzamura ubwiza n’umutekano. Muri icyo gihe, ikoreshwa rya robo yinganda rirashobora kandi kugabanya impanuka ziterwa nakazi nindwara zakazi kumirongo.
Imashini zikoresha inganda, robot nyinshi zihuriweho, robot scara, robot ikorana, robot ibangikanye, robot igendanwa,robot, gukwirakwiza robot, gusukura robot, robot yubuvuzi, robot zohanagura, robot yigisha, robot yihariye, robot yubugenzuzi, robot yubaka, robot yubuhinzi, robot enye, robot zo mumazi, ibice, kugabanya, moteri ya servo, abagenzuzi, sensor, ibikoresho.
4 、 Iterambere
1. Ubwenge: Hamwe niterambere ryubuhanga bwubwenge bwubuhanga, robot yinganda zigenda zigana ubwenge. Imashini za robo zifite ubwenge zirashobora kugera kubikorwa nko kwigira byigenga no gufata ibyemezo, bityo bigahuza neza nibidukikije bigoye kandi bigahinduka.
2. Guhinduka: Hamwe no gutandukanya no kumenyekanisha ibikenerwa mu musaruro, ama robo yinganda aratera imbere ahinduka. Imashini zoroshye zo mu nganda zirashobora kugera ku buryo bwihuse bwimirimo myinshi kugirango ihuze umusaruro ukenewe.
3. Kwishyira hamwe: Hamwe nuburyo bwo kwishyira hamwe muri sisitemu yumusaruro, robot yinganda ziratera imbere zigana kwishyira hamwe. Imashini zikoreshwa mu nganda zishobora kugera ku bindi bikoresho bitanga umusaruro, bityo bikazamura imikorere n’imikorere ya sisitemu yose y’umusaruro.
4. Ubufatanye: Hamwe niterambere ryiterambere rya tekinoroji yimikoranire yabantu-imashini, ama robo yinganda agenda agana mubufatanye. Imashini zikorana ninganda zirashobora kugera kubufatanye bwiza nabantu, bityo bikagabanya ingaruka zumutekano mubikorwa.
Muncamake, tekinoroji ya esheshatu yaama robo yingandayakoreshejwe cyane mubice bitandukanye, igira uruhare runini mukuzamura umusaruro, kugabanya ibiciro byumusaruro, no kwemeza ubuziranenge bwibicuruzwa. Hamwe niterambere ryiterambere ryiterambere ryikoranabuhanga, ama robo yinganda azatera imbere agana ubwenge, guhinduka, kwishyira hamwe, nubufatanye, bizana impinduka nini mubikorwa byinganda.
5 、 Inzitizi n'amahirwe
Ibibazo bya tekiniki: Nubwo ikoranabuhanga ryaama robo yingandaimaze gutera imbere cyane, baracyafite ibibazo byinshi bya tekiniki, nko kunoza imikorere yimashini za robo, kugera munzira zoroshye zo kugenda, no kunoza ubushobozi bwimikorere ya robo. Izi mbogamizi zikoranabuhanga zigomba kuneshwa binyuze mubushakashatsi buhoraho no guhanga udushya.
Ikibazo cyibiciro: Igiciro cya robo yinganda ni kinini, ni umutwaro udashobora kwihanganira ibigo byinshi bito n'ibiciriritse. Kubwibyo, uburyo bwo kugabanya ibiciro bya robo yinganda no kurushaho kumenyekana kandi bifatika nikibazo cyingenzi mumajyambere agezweho ya robo yinganda.
Ikibazo cyimpano: Iterambere ryimashini zinganda zisaba umubare munini wimpano zumwuga, harimo abakozi bashinzwe ubushakashatsi niterambere, abakora, nabakozi bashinzwe kubungabunga. Nyamara, kubura impano muri iki gihe mubijyanye na robo yinganda biracyakomeye cyane, ibyo bikaba bitera imbogamizi iterambere ryiterambere ryimashini.
Ikibazo cyumutekano: Hamwe nogukoresha kwinshi kwimashini za robo zinganda mubice bitandukanye, uburyo bwo kurinda umutekano wa robo mubikorwa byakazi byabaye ikibazo cyihutirwa gukemurwa. Ibi bisaba gutekereza cyane no kunoza igishushanyo, gukora, no gukoresha robo.
Amahirwe: Nubwo ama robo yinganda ahura nibibazo byinshi, iterambere ryabo riracyari rinini cyane. Hamwe nogutangiza ibitekerezo nkinganda 4.0 ninganda zubwenge, robot yinganda zizagira uruhare runini mubikorwa byinganda. Byongeye kandi, hamwe niterambere ryikoranabuhanga nkubwenge bwubuhanga hamwe namakuru makuru, robot yinganda zizagira ubwenge bukomeye no guhuza n'imihindagurikire, bizana amahirwe menshi yo gukora inganda.
Muri make, tekinoroji ya esheshatu ya robo yinganda yageze ku bisubizo bigaragara mubikorwa bitandukanye byo gukoresha, bizana impinduka nini mubikorwa byinganda. Nyamara, iterambere ryimashini zinganda ziracyafite imbogamizi nyinshi zigomba kuneshwa binyuze muburyo bushya bwo guhanga ikoranabuhanga no guhinga impano. Muri icyo gihe, ama robo yinganda nayo azana amahirwe menshi yiterambere, azane amahirwe menshi yumusaruro winganda.
6 、 Imashini itandatu yinganda
Imashini itandatu yinganda ni iki? Niki robot esheshatu yinganda zikoreshwa?
Imashini esheshatu za robo zifasha mubwenge bwinganda no guhanga udushya ziyobora inganda zizaza.
A robot esheshatunigikoresho gisanzwe cyikora gifite amashoka atandatu ahuriweho, buri kimwe murimwe, cyemerera robot kugenda muburyo butandukanye, nko kuzunguruka, kugoreka, nibindi. Iyi axe ihuriweho harimo: kuzunguruka (S-axis), ukuboko hepfo ( L-axis), ukuboko hejuru (U-axis), kuzunguruka kw'intoki (R-axis), kuzunguza intoki (B-axis), no kuzunguruka kw'intoki (T-axis).
Ubu bwoko bwa robo ifite ibiranga ibintu byoroshye guhinduka, umutwaro munini, hamwe nu mwanya uhagaze neza, bityo ikoreshwa cyane muguteranya byikora, gushushanya, gutwara, gusudira, nindi mirimo. Kurugero, ibicuruzwa bitandatu bya ABB byerekana robot birashobora gutanga ibisubizo byiza kubikorwa nko gutunganya ibikoresho, gupakira imashini no gupakurura, gusudira ahantu, gusudira arc, gukata, guteranya, kugerageza, kugenzura, gufunga, gusya, no gusya.
Nubwo, nubwo ibyiza byinshi byimashini esheshatu za robo, hariho ibibazo nibibazo bimwe na bimwe, nko kugenzura inzira igenda ya buri murongo, guhuza icyerekezo hagati ya buri murongo, nuburyo bwo kunoza umuvuduko wa robo. Ibi bibazo bigomba kuneshwa binyuze muburyo bushya bwo guhanga udushya no gutezimbere.
Imashini itandatu ya axis ni robot ihuriweho hamwe nintore esheshatu zizunguruka, zifite inyungu zo kugira umudendezo mwinshi wo hejuru usa nkukuboko kwumuntu kandi birakwiriye hafi yinzira zose cyangwa akazi. Muguhuza nibikorwa bitandukanye byanyuma, robot esheshatu zirashobora kuba nziza muburyo butandukanye bwo gukoresha nko gupakira, gupakurura, gushushanya, kuvura hejuru, kugerageza, gupima, gusudira arc, gusudira ahantu, gupakira, guteranya, ibikoresho byo gukata imashini, gukosora, ibikorwa bidasanzwe byo guterana, guhimba, gukina, nibindi.
Mu myaka yashize, ikoreshwa rya robo esheshatu za axis mu nganda zagiye ziyongera buhoro buhoro, cyane cyane mu nganda nk’ingufu nshya n’ibigize amamodoka. Nk’uko imibare ya IFR ibigaragaza, mu mwaka wa 2022, igurishwa ry’imashini za robo z’inganda ryageze kuri miliyari 21.7 z’amadolari y’Amerika, bikaba biteganijwe ko rizagera kuri miliyari 23 z'amadorari mu 2024. Muri bo, umubare w’ibicuruzwa by’imashini zikoreshwa mu nganda mu Bushinwa ku isi byarenze 50%.
Imashini esheshatu za robo zirashobora kugabanywamo ibice bitandatu binini (> 20KG) na axe esheshatu (≤ 20KG) ukurikije ubunini bwumutwaro. Uhereye ku gipimo cy’ubwiyongere bw’ibicuruzwa mu myaka 5 ishize, nini nini esheshatu (48.5%)> robot ikorana (39.8%)> ntoya itandatu (19.3%)> Imashini za SCARA (15.4%)> Imashini za Delta (8%) .
Ibyiciro byingenzi bya robo yinganda zirimorobot esheshatuImashini za SCARA, robot za Delta, hamwe na robo ikorana. Inganda esheshatu za robot inganda zirangwa nubushobozi budahagije bwo gutanga umusaruro hamwe nubushobozi burenze urugero kumpera yo hasi. Imashini y’inganda yigenga mu gihugu cyacu igizwe ahanini na axis eshatu hamwe na bine zihuza za robo hamwe na robot planar ihuriweho hamwe, hamwe na robot esheshatu za robo nini ihwanye na munsi ya 6% y’ibicuruzwa by’inganda by’inganda.
Imashini y’inganda ku isi Longhairnake ifite umwanya ukomeye nk'umuyobozi wa robo y’inganda ku isi hamwe n’ubuhanga bukomeye bwa tekinoroji ya CNC. Mu gice kinini kinini cya axis hamwe nigipimo gito cyaho hamwe nimbogamizi nyinshi, inganda zikora imbere mu gihugu nka Aston, Ikoranabuhanga rya Huichuan, Everett, na Xinshida ziri ku isonga, zifite igipimo runaka nimbaraga za tekiniki.
Muri rusange, ikoreshwa ryarobot esheshatumurwego rwinganda rugenda rwiyongera buhoro buhoro kandi rufite isoko ryagutse.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Ugushyingo-24-2023
