Maloboti a mafakitalezimagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri m'mafakitale osiyanasiyana, kukonza magwiridwe antchito, kuchepetsa ndalama, kuwongolera zinthu, komanso kusintha njira zopangira makampani onse. Ndiye, ndi zigawo ziti za robot yathunthu yamakampani? Nkhaniyi ipereka chidziwitso chatsatanetsatane cha zigawo zosiyanasiyana ndi ntchito za maloboti amakampani kuti akuthandizeni kumvetsetsa ukadaulo wofunikirawu.
1. Kapangidwe ka makina
Mapangidwe a maloboti akumafakitale amaphatikizapo thupi, mikono, manja, ndi zala. Zigawozi palimodzi zimapanga kayendedwe ka roboti, kupangitsa kuti maloboti akhazikike bwino komanso kuyenda m'malo atatu-dimensional.
Thupi: Thupi ndilo thupi lalikulu la robot, lomwe nthawi zambiri limapangidwa ndi chitsulo champhamvu kwambiri, chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kuthandizira zigawo zina ndikupereka malo amkati kuti agwirizane ndi masensa osiyanasiyana, olamulira, ndi zipangizo zina.
Mkono: Mkono ndi gawo lalikulu la ntchito ya loboti, yomwe nthawi zambiri imayendetsedwa ndi ma joints, kuti akwaniritse maulendo angapo a ufulu. Kutengerazochitika zofunsira, mkonowo ukhoza kupangidwa ndi axis yokhazikika kapena axis yobwerera.
Wrist: Dzanja ndi gawo lomwe chimaliziro cha loboti chimalumikizana ndi chogwirira ntchito, chomwe nthawi zambiri chimakhala ndi zolumikizira zingapo ndi ndodo zolumikizira, kuti akwaniritse kugwira, kuyika, ndi magwiridwe antchito.
2. Kulamulira dongosolo
Dongosolo loyang'anira maloboti amakampani ndi gawo lake lalikulu, lomwe limayang'anira kulandira zidziwitso kuchokera ku masensa, kukonza chidziwitsochi, ndikutumiza malamulo owongolera kuyendetsa kayendedwe ka roboti. Makina owongolera amakhala ndi zinthu zotsatirazi:
Wowongolera: Wowongolera ndi ubongo wa maloboti amakampani, omwe ali ndi udindo wopanga ma siginecha kuchokera ku masensa osiyanasiyana ndikupanga malamulo owongolera omwe amafanana. Mitundu yodziwika bwino ya olamulira ndi PLC (Programmable Logic Controller), DCS (Distributed Control System), ndi IPC (Intelligent Control System).
Dalaivala: Dalaivala ndi mawonekedwe pakati pa wowongolera ndi mota, yemwe ali ndi udindo wosintha malamulo owongolera omwe amaperekedwa ndi wowongolera kukhala kuyenda kwenikweni kwa mota. Malingana ndi zofunikira zosiyanasiyana zogwiritsira ntchito, madalaivala amatha kugawidwa kukhala madalaivala a stepper motor, ma servo motor driver, ndi madalaivala amtundu wamtundu.
Mawonekedwe a mapulogalamu: Mawonekedwe a pulogalamu ndi chida chomwe ogwiritsa ntchito amagwiritsa ntchito kuti azitha kulumikizana ndi makina a robot, makamaka kuphatikiza mapulogalamu apakompyuta, zowonera, kapena mapanelo apadera ogwiritsira ntchito. Kupyolera mu mawonekedwe a mapulogalamu, ogwiritsa ntchito amatha kukhazikitsa magawo oyendayenda a loboti, kuyang'anira momwe akugwirira ntchito, ndikuzindikira ndi kuthana ndi zolakwika.
3. Zomverera
Maloboti akumafakitale amayenera kudalira masensa osiyanasiyana kuti adziwe zambiri za malo ozungulira kuti agwire ntchito monga kuyika bwino, kuyenda, ndi kupewa zopinga. Mitundu yodziwika bwino ya masensa ndi awa:
Masensa owoneka: Masensa owoneka amagwiritsidwa ntchito kujambula zithunzi kapena makanema azinthu zomwe mukufuna, monga makamera, Li.dar, ndi zina zotero. Posanthula deta iyi, maloboti amatha kukwaniritsa ntchito monga kuzindikira zinthu, kumasulira, ndi kutsatira.
Masensa amphamvu / torque: Masensa amphamvu / torque amagwiritsidwa ntchito kuyeza mphamvu zakunja ndi ma torque omwe ma roboti amakumana nawo, monga ma sensor sensors, torque sensors, ndi zina zambiri. Deta iyi ndi yofunika kwambiri pakuwongolera kayendetsedwe kake komanso kuyang'anira momwe maloboti amayendera.
Sensor Yoyandikira / Kutali: Masensa apafupi / kutali amagwiritsidwa ntchito poyesa mtunda pakati pa robot ndi zinthu zozungulira kuti atsimikizire kuyenda kotetezeka. Ma sensor oyandikira / mtunda amaphatikiza masensa akupanga, masensa a infrared, etc.
Encoder: Encoder ndi sensa yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito kuyeza ngodya yozungulira ndi chidziwitso cha malo, monga encoder ya photoelectric, encoder maginito, ndi zina zotero. Pokonza deta iyi, maloboti amatha kukwaniritsa kuwongolera bwino kwa malo ndikukonzekera njira.
4. Kuyankhulana kwa mawonekedwe
Kuti akwaniritsentchito yogwirizanandi kugawana zidziwitso ndi zida zina, maloboti amakampani nthawi zambiri amafunika kukhala ndi luso linalake lolankhulana. Njira yolumikizirana imatha kulumikiza ma robot ndi zida zina (monga ma robot ena pamzere wopanga, zida zogwirira ntchito, etc.) ndi machitidwe owongolera apamwamba (monga ERP, MES, etc.), kukwaniritsa ntchito monga kusinthana kwa data ndi kutali. kulamulira. Mitundu yodziwika bwino yolumikizirana ndi:
Mawonekedwe a Efaneti: Mawonekedwe a Efaneti ndi mawonekedwe apaintaneti wapadziko lonse lapansi kutengera protocol ya IP, yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pamakampani opanga makina. Kupyolera mu mawonekedwe a Ethernet, maloboti amatha kukwaniritsa kutumiza kwa data mwachangu komanso kuyang'anira nthawi yeniyeni ndi zida zina.
Mawonekedwe a PROFIBUS: PROFIBUS ndi njira yapadziko lonse lapansi yamabasi yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pamakampani opanga makina. Mawonekedwe a PROFIBUS amatha kukwaniritsa kusinthanitsa kwachangu komanso kodalirika komanso kuwongolera kogwirizana pakati pa zida zosiyanasiyana.
Mawonekedwe a USB: Mawonekedwe a USB ndi njira yolumikizirana yapadziko lonse lapansi yomwe ingagwiritsidwe ntchito kulumikiza zida zolowetsa monga kiyibodi ndi mbewa, komanso zida zotulutsa monga osindikiza ndi zida zosungira. Kupyolera mu mawonekedwe a USB, maloboti amatha kukwaniritsa ntchito zolumikizana komanso kutumiza zidziwitso ndi ogwiritsa ntchito.
Mwachidule, loboti yathunthu yamafakitale imakhala ndi magawo angapo monga makina, makina owongolera, masensa, ndi mawonekedwe olumikizirana. Zigawozi zimagwirira ntchito limodzi kuti ma robot amalize ntchito zosiyanasiyana zolondola kwambiri komanso zothamanga kwambiri m'malo ovuta kupanga mafakitale. Ndi chitukuko chosalekeza chaukadaulo komanso kufunikira kokulirapo kwa ntchito, maloboti akumafakitale apitiliza kugwira ntchito yofunikira pakupanga zamakono.
Nthawi yotumiza: Jan-12-2024
