The structural design of a robot determines its functionality, performance, and scope of application. Robots are typically composed of multiple parts, each with its specific function and role. The following is a typical robot structure composition and the functions of each part:
1. Body/Chassis
Definition: The main framework of a robot used to support and connect other components.
Materials: High strength alloys, plastics, or composite materials are usually used.
• Function:
• Support and protect internal components.
Provide the foundation for installing other components.
Ensure the stability and rigidity of the overall structure.
2. Joints/Actors
Definition: The moving parts that enable a robot to move.
• Type:
Electric Motors: used for rotational motion.
Hydraulic actuators: used for movements that require high torque.
Pneumatic actuators: used for movements that require rapid response.
Servo Motors: used for high-precision positioning.
• Function:
Realize the movement of robots.
Control the speed, direction, and force of movement.
3. Sensors
Definition: A device used to perceive the external environment or its own state.
• Type:
Position Sensors: such as encoders, used to detect joint positions.
Force/Torque Sensors: Used to detect contact forces.
Visual Sensors/Cameras: Used for image recognition and environmental perception.
Distance sensors, such as ultrasonic sensors and LiDAR, are used for distance measurement.
Temperature sensors: used to monitor environmental or internal temperature.
Tactile Sensors: Used for sensing touch.
Inertial Measurement Unit (IMU): used to detect acceleration and angular velocity.
• Function:
Provide data on the interaction between robots and the external environment.
Realize the perception ability of robots.
4. Control System
Definition: A hardware and software system responsible for receiving sensor data, processing information, and issuing instructions to actuators.
• Components:
Central Processing Unit (CPU): Processing computational tasks.
Memory: Stores programs and data.
Input/Output Interfaces: Connect sensors and actuators.
Communication Module: Implement communication with other devices.
Software: including operating systems, drivers, control algorithms, etc.
• Function:
• Control the movement of the robot.
Realize intelligent decision-making of robots.
• Exchange data with external systems.
5. Power Supply System
Definition: A device that provides energy to robots.
• Type:
Battery: Commonly used for portable robots.
AC Power Supply: Commonly used for fixed robots.
DC Power Supply: Suitable for situations that require stable voltage.
• Function:
Provide power to the robot.
Manage energy allocation and storage.
6. Transmission System
Definition: A system that transfers power from actuators to moving parts.
• Type:
Gear Transmission: Used to change speed and torque.
Belt Transmission: Used for transmitting power over long distances.
Chain Transmission: Suitable for situations that require high reliability.
Lead Screw Transmission: Used for linear motion.
• Function:
Transfer the power of the actuator to the moving parts.
Realize the conversion of speed and torque.
7. Manipulator
Definition: A mechanical structure used to perform specific tasks.
• Components:
• Joints: Achieve multi degree of freedom movement.
End effectors: used to perform specific tasks such as grippers, suction cups, etc.
• Function:
• Achieve precise object grasping and placement.
• Complete complex operational tasks.
8. Mobile Platform
Definition: The part that enables a robot to move autonomously.
• Type:
Wheeled: Suitable for flat surfaces.
Tracked: Suitable for complex terrains.
Legged: Suitable for various terrains.
• Function:
Realize autonomous movement of robots.
Adapt to different work environments.
summary
The structural design of robots is a complex process that involves knowledge and technology from multiple disciplines. A complete robot typically consists of a body, joints, sensors, control system, power system, transmission system, robotic arm, and mobile platform. Each part has its specific function and role, which together determine the performance and scope of application of the robot. Reasonable structural design can enable robots to achieve maximum efficiency in specific application scenarios.
Post time: Oct-18-2024
